Local culture vital to effective leadership in the Gulf

In exploring strategic leadership within the public sector, especially in the context of the Arabian Peninsula, it is crucial to understand the diversity in leadership styles shaped by historical, cultural and social contexts. Rather than conforming to a one-size-fits-all model often ascribed to Western paradigms, leaders in the public sector demonstrate unique qualities and approaches that cater to their specific environments. I contend that among the most critical attributes of effective leadership are adaptability, flexibility and the ability to seize opportunities, whether at local, regional or global levels.

It is widely acknowledged that the legacy of colonialism, particularly that of Western powers, has significantly influenced governance structures in many regions of the world. For centuries, such powers exercised control over vast territories while imposing their values and systems of governance, giving rise to a pervasive model of leadership that often undervalued local contexts. This resulted in an aggressive form of nationalism, exemplified through various conflicts as colonial powers endeavored to maintain their dominance.

Consequently, the leadership qualities exportable from Western societies became deeply ingrained in many public sector narratives globally. However, with evolving geopolitical landscapes and the emergence of multifaceted leadership models, it becomes imperative to revisit and redefine the concept of strategic leadership, especially in relation to the Arabian Peninsula.

Prominent leaders from the Arabian Peninsula illustrate a spectrum of strategic leadership, characterized by regional independence and developmental success. One historical example is my great-grandfather, Jabr bin Rashid, who served as a key minister in the First Saudi State under Imam Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Al-Saud. Jabr’s leadership strategically integrated religious, tribal and economic elements, reflecting the social fabric necessary for state survival. However, a lack of foresight regarding regional and international dynamics, particularly concerning the Hijaz and the Ottoman Empire’s religious legitimacy, led to significant setbacks for the early Saudi state.

King Abdulaziz adeptly maneuvered the complexities of world war geopolitics and carved out strategic alliances

Dr. Turki Faisal Al-Rasheed

The transition to subsequent leaders, such as Jabr’s nephew and his son-in-law Abdullah bin Rashid, revealed a more nuanced approach, one that recognized geopolitical shifts and the importance of collaboration with Imam Faisal bin Turki to safeguard the Arabian Peninsula. This recognition of external influences continued through the leadership of King Abdulaziz, who adeptly maneuvered the complexities of world war geopolitics and carved out alliances that would strategically position the nation in the global arena.

As we observe the contemporary leadership of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, it is evident that there remains a commitment to internal reform and development. This current leadership has focused on rejuvenating the domestic landscape while maintaining a strategic distance from international conflicts that may not serve the nation’s interests. Their vision reflects an awareness of the need for progressive governance built on historical learnings and cultural values, marking a significant evolution in strategic leadership in the region.

Contrary to the notion that all leaders in the Arab world mirror one another, the complexities of leadership in the Arabian Peninsula underscore the importance of religion, tribal affiliation and economic growth in defining effective governance. As Ardashir, the founder of the Iranian Sasanian Empire, famously remarked: “The king remains by religion, and the tax is the pillar of the king.” This reflects a long-standing understanding of governance philosophies that resonate with the populace, acknowledging their religious sentiments and tribal affiliations as foundational elements.

The discourse surrounding globalization sheds light on evolving socioeconomic paradigms. While globalization is often viewed through an economic lens — transforming the world into a market dominated by technologically advanced nations — its implications extend beyond pure economics. Globalization necessitates a cultural exchange and adaptation, which may lead to a homogenization of cultures and lifestyles. Yet, it is essential to recognize that this process can also create opportunities for cultural dialogue and the preservation of local identities amid global pressures.

As nations navigate the global landscape, the necessity for a synthesis of local wisdom and global best practices becomes critical

Dr. Turki Faisal Al-Rasheed

As nations navigate this global landscape, particularly developing and emerging economies, the necessity for a synthesis of local wisdom and global best practices becomes critical. The example of American global corporations highlights how rapid globalization can lead to a dilution of local culture unless strategic leadership actively seeks to promote and safeguard those identities. Leaders must strive not only to embrace globalization’s benefits but also to protect cultural diversity and maintain national integrity.

Moreover, the call for reinvestment in local expertise within the Saudi civil service brings an important dimension to this discourse. Historical references demonstrate that King Abdulaziz was initially receptive to foreign expertise to foster agricultural renaissance. His acknowledgment of the potential benefits of external knowledge, balanced by a commitment to cultural authenticity, reinforces the idea that collaboration should be built on mutual respect rather than reliance. This perspective emphasizes the need for contemporary leaders to cultivate intellectual capital from within, strengthening local talent to address public sector challenges.

In conclusion, effective strategic leadership in the public sector, particularly in the context of the Arabian Peninsula, embodies an intricate interplay of historical context, cultural values and global realities. Leaders must prioritize adaptability and a deep understanding of their unique socioeconomic landscapes to ensure sustainable development and governance.

Ultimately, the evolution of leadership styles in the region highlights that, while external influences are significant, the strongest leadership models will always reflect the aspirations and values of the people they serve. Acknowledging the past while embracing the future, these leaders can navigate the complexities of both local and global challenges, ensuring that the Arabian Peninsula continues to thrive in a rapidly changing world.

• Dr. Turki Faisal Al-Rasheed is an adjunct professor at the University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Biosystems Engineering. He is the author of “Agricultural Development Strategies: The Saudi Experience.”