RIYADH: Abundant winter rainfall followed by widespread spring showers has transformed large swaths of Saudi Arabia’s landscape, turning desert expanses green and reviving valleys, ravines, and open plains across the Kingdom.
The seasonal rains have highlighted the country’s ecological diversity, with renewed vegetation spreading across once-arid terrain and water flowing through valleys and ravines, creating striking scenes that reflect the richness of Saudi Arabia’s natural environment.
One of the most dramatic transformations has been witnessed in Turbah governorate in Makkah province, where heavy rainfall in May revived the natural landscape, nourishing valleys and ravines and restoring the beauty of open areas beneath cloudy skies and cooler temperatures.
DID YOU KNOW?
• Many desert plants in Saudi Arabia can remain dormant as seeds for long periods, waiting for rainfall before rapidly germinating.
• Valleys often become the first areas to turn green after heavy rains because they collect runoff water and nutrient-rich sediments.
• A burst of seasonal vegetation can quickly boost biodiversity by providing food and shelter for insects, birds and other wildlife.
The Saudi Press Agency documented striking scenes across volcanic harrats, desert plains, and plateaus as clouds blanketed much of the governorate, attracting residents and desert enthusiasts eager to experience the rare spectacle.
The rainfall has also improved atmospheric conditions and replenished water reserves, benefiting natural pastures and farms that rely on seasonal rainfall to support agricultural and pastoral activities.
Similar scenes have unfolded in the Al-Baha region, where recent rains have highlighted the area’s diverse natural features. Open spaces are now covered in renewed vegetation, while water flowing through valleys and ravines has enhanced the region’s already renowned natural beauty.
Vegetation and valleys revive Al-Baha’s natural landscape after recent rains. (SPA)
Images of water coursing through valleys and forming clear streams that wind through rocks and geological formations have attracted visitors from across the Kingdom.
Al-Baha is known for its rich array of natural and tourist attractions, reinforcing its reputation as a destination for nature enthusiasts and explorers alike. Trees lining valley banks form natural canopies that enhance the appeal of these sites, particularly during mild weather and clear skies, creating ideal settings for picnics and outdoor recreation.
In the highlands, low clouds and fog add visual depth to the landscape, reflecting the region’s climatic diversity, while water flowing through ravines toward the valleys creates vibrant seasonal scenes.
Summer rainfall is a defining feature of Al-Baha, enriching its natural landscapes and attracting increasing numbers of visitors from across the Kingdom each year. (SPA)
Scientists say the widespread greening offers more than just spectacular scenery, providing important environmental benefits for ecosystems in arid regions.
Dr. Mohammad Faisal, a professor of plant biotechnology and environmental ecology at King Saud University, told Arab News: “The greening of valleys and deserts across Saudi Arabia following this year's heavy rainfall, while encouraging for the environment, can also be seen as an illustration of how new water resources are absorbed by ecosystems in arid areas.”
“Rainfall is a major limiting factor for vegetation growth in regions such as the desert. Some indigenous plants have developed ecological adaptations to endure long dry periods. Those are they can be only seeds or relatively dormant, reduced in metabolic activity. But during periods of heavy rainfall it is the moisture in the soil that raises and makes seeds germinate and plants sprout,” he added.
Dr. Mohammad Faisal, a professor of plant biotechnology and environmental ecology at King Saud University, Riyadh. (Supplied photo)
“Valleys are particularly responsive because they absorb runoff as well as nutrient-rich sediments which the ground will naturally carry over, making them ideal for vegetation,” noted the professor.
“Often, the plant growth that is stimulated, leads to advantageous ecological responses. Soils are not only stabilized through vegetation but also protected from erosion by wind and flash floods. It also enhances the influx of groundwater and supports soil microorganisms, also increasing organic matter to sustain healthy soils and ecosystems,” he said.
“And greening a landscape is good for biodiversity: Green landscapes are good places to eat and live — habitats to insects and birds and other wildlife that rely on the plants in season. Moreover, foliage also has climate benefits. The plants capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and sequester it in biomass and soil (which is involved in natural carbon sequestration based on photosynthesis),” he added.
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While the effects of a single wet season may be temporary, successive periods of plant growth can strengthen ecosystem health and improve environmental resilience over time.
“This year’s greening is mainly due to favorable weather, but it also aligns with the objectives of the Saudi Green Initiative, which aims to combat desertification, restore degraded lands, and increase vegetation cover,” said the academic.
“The transformation reveals a positive image of the Kingdom’s environmental ability and strength in opposition to the destruction of natural ecosystems. The transition from valleys and desert plains into vibrant green spaces is as much a scientific emblem of nature’s robustness as an exhortation for the Kingdom’s wider environmental ambitions. It demonstrates the potential to create more resilient habitats that will foster biodiversity, promote ecosystem quality, and contribute to long-term sustainability targets in line with Saudi Green Initiative under which Saudi Arabia is accelerating efforts to restore degraded land, expand vegetation cover, and strengthen ecological balance,” he added.
The impact of the rains has been visible across several regions of the Kingdom.
In Hail, greenery and flowing water have revitalized the natural landscape, transforming the Aja Mountains into a verdant panorama following recent rainfall. The dramatic change has created a striking natural spectacle that reflects the region’s environmental diversity and highlights its unique tourist attractions.
Greenery and water sources revitalize Hail’s natural landscape after recent rains. (SPA)
Vegetation has spread across ravines and valleys, with seasonal grasses and wild plants flourishing to create visually harmonious landscapes that complement the distinctive rock formations of the Aja Mountains, SPA reported.
The recent rainfall has enriched the soil and encouraged abundant vegetation growth across many areas.
The Aja Mountains are among Hail’s most prominent natural landmarks, renowned for their diverse topography and varied environments. They remain a popular destination for hikers and nature enthusiasts, particularly during the spring season.
Further north in Rafha, rain has transformed meadows near the historic village of Zubala into lush picnic grounds, attracting families seeking mild weather and open spaces.
Families and friends camp out in Rafha to enjoy the pleasant weather conditions. (SPA)
Flowing waters and rain-fed landscapes have also turned Wadi Ayouj into a major attraction, with residents and tourists flocking to witness the dramatic transformation brought about by the recent rains in Saudi Arabia’s Northern Borders region.
Located southwest of Rafha governorate, Wadi Ayouj recorded a significant rise in water flow following moderate to heavy rainfall this spring. The rushing water widened the wadi’s course and reactivated ancient tributaries stretching toward Faydat Al-Ajramiyah, breathing new life into the surrounding landscape.
The Northern Borders region is known for its numerous wadis, plains, and hills, long recognized for their ecological richness and cultural significance. Similar sites, including Wadi Arar near the regional capital, have historically supported diverse vegetation and wildlife while featuring prominently in classical Arabic poetry.
Wadi Arar in the Northern Borders region comes to life following sustained rainfall. (SPA)
In recent years, authorities have advanced initiatives to preserve and develop these wadis, focusing on environmental protection, biodiversity restoration, and sustainable use — efforts that are increasingly enhancing the region’s appeal among nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.
The transformation has drawn visitors from across the Kingdom to experience the rare spectacle of flowing water and widespread greenery in landscapes more often associated with arid conditions.
Photographers and visitors gathered during the Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha holidays to capture sweeping views of cloud-covered peaks, flowing valleys, and rain-refreshed landscapes.
Though seasonal and often short-lived, the rains serve as a powerful reminder of the Kingdom’s environmental diversity and the remarkable capacity of its ecosystems to respond to favorable conditions. For many communities, they also provide a welcome respite, bringing people together to enjoy cooler weather and the fleeting beauty of a transformed landscape.
