Fighting desertification and land degradation for future generations

Fighting desertification and land degradation for future generations

Fighting desertification and land degradation for future generations
Saudi Arabia has conducted extensive studies to better understand the processes of desertification and land degradation. (SPA)
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Floods, heat waves, wildfires and the recent global coral bleaching event are all stark reminders that climate change is not a distant threat but rather an immediate crisis that is reshaping our world. One symptom of this crisis is desertification.

Desertification, a term that may be unfamiliar to many, is a growing problem. In simple terms, it is the process by which once-fertile land turns into desert as the quality of the soil degrades over time.

Every second, the equivalent of four football fields of healthy land is degraded, totaling 100 million hectares a year, according to the UN. This is already having a catastrophic effect on communities, ecosystems, food security and water resources, especially in the world’s poorest countries.

And, as desertification spreads into new geographies, the effects are set to worsen. According to the UN, 3.2 billion people are already impacted by desertification and 50 million could be displaced in the next 10 years, making it one of the most serious environmental problems facing humanity.

The UN has also said that more than 24 billion tons of fertile soil disappear every year. Two-thirds of our planet is currently undergoing desertification. If no action is taken, 1.5 million sq. km of farmland, equivalent to the entire arable land of India, will be lost by 2050.

As the UN Environment Programme has stated, ours is the first generation to fully comprehend the enormity of the threat posed to our land and we may well be the last to have the opportunity to reverse the course of its destruction.

Therefore, it is vital that businesses, governments, communities and nongovernmental organizations urgently work together to prioritize the restoration of land ecosystems by replanting forests, rewetting marshes and reviving soils.

That means coming together to push and promote coordinated land-use planning, including the management of water resources, livestock and agricultural activities, and preserving vegetation cover, which plays a key role in protecting the soil from wind and water erosion.

Reforestation is also vital to regenerate vegetation cover, reactivate moisture circulation and generate biodiversity. So is rotational grazing, which limits pressure to a particular area while others regenerate through the coexistence of crops that allow for more efficient nutrient cycling.

If no action is taken, 1.5 million square kilometers of farmland, equivalent to the entire arable land of India, will be lost by 2050.

Raed Albasseet

 It is also important to remember that, while tackling desertification, drought and land degradation will undoubtedly require the use of novel, innovative and cutting-edge methodologies, nature often already provides the best solution.

At Red Sea Global, we have established a mangrove nursery to aid us in our goal to plant as many as 50 million mangrove trees by 2030.

We have already planted 1 million and will plant a further 2 million before the year is out. These mangroves will provide shelter for a diversity of wildlife and will sequester carbon, with the capacity to absorb up to five to 10 times more than other plants.

The power of mangrove forests to store carbon, manage flooding, stabilize coastlines and provide shelter for fish and other organisms makes them one of nature’s super ecosystems.

At more than 1 million sq. meters, our landscape nursery is the largest in the region. It will contain more than 30 million plants, reducing our reliance on imported foreign species and allowing native ones to thrive.

Looking specifically at this year’s World Environment Day, which fell on June 5, it is encouraging to see plans to accelerate the commitments made in the UN’s Decade on Ecosystem Restoration resolution.

Restoration efforts, like those in Kenya, offer a glimmer of hope. The Kenyan government has pledged to rehabilitate 5.1 million hectares of degraded land by 2030. This will improve the lives of Kenyans who rely on land resources for their livelihoods, while also curbing the country’s carbon dioxide emissions by 3.7 percent and safeguarding its biodiversity.

As the host of this year’s World Environment Day, Saudi Arabia launched a campaign to combat desertification and build drought resilience. The Kingdom is already restoring huge swathes of arid and semi-arid land to its original green and wild state and leading the G20 Global Land Initiative.

Nature is our greatest asset. But nature needs nurture. Now is the time to come together to push the planet onto a path of sustainability and resilience, and to ensure we protect it for future generations.

Raed Albasseet is the group chief environment and sustainability officer at Red Sea Global.
 

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Diriyah Art Futures exhibition to showcase rare collection of world’s foremost computer art pioneers

Diriyah Art Futures exhibition to showcase rare collection of world’s foremost computer art pioneers
Updated 14 min 37 sec ago
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Diriyah Art Futures exhibition to showcase rare collection of world’s foremost computer art pioneers

Diriyah Art Futures exhibition to showcase rare collection of world’s foremost computer art pioneers

Diriyah Art Futures, the first new media arts hub in the MENA region, has announced its inaugural exhibition titled “Art Must Be Artificial: Perspectives of AI in the Visual Arts.” Developed by the Saudi Ministry of Culture, DAF will host the exhibition from Nov. 26 to Feb. 15, 2025 in Diriyah, Riyadh, introducing the region to the power and potential of new media and digital art.

Curated by the renowned Jérôme Neutres, former director at the Réunion des Musées Nationaux-Grand Palais in Paris, the exhibition brings together more than 30 global and regional artists to explore new forms of creative expression at a critical juncture of technological development. 

“Art Must Be Artificial” will present a sweeping history of computer art, from the 1960s to the present day, featuring works by iconic regional and international artists. The exhibition includes Saudi talents Lulwah Alhomoud, Muhannad Shono, Nasser Alshemimry (DesertFish), and Daniah Al-Saleh, their works spanning geometric abstraction, robotic and audiovisual art, and digital installations, showcasing the innovative spirit of the Kingdom. Notable MENA artists include VJ Um Amel (Laila Shereen Sakr, Egypt/US) and Haythem Zakaria (Tunisia), whose practices explore the intersections of media, culture, and technology.

Internationally acclaimed contributors include Refik Anadol (Turkiye), Ryoji Ikeda (Japan), Miguel Chevalier (Mexico/France), and Yang Yongliang (China), each known for their revolutionary use of AI, data, and digital landscapes. The exhibition also celebrates pioneers such as Frieder Nake (Germany), Vera Molnar (Hungary/France), Harold Cohen (UK), and Manfred Mohr (Germany), who laid the foundations of algorithmic and computational art. Other prominent names include Peter Kogler (Austria), Elias Crespin (Venezuela), Casey Reas (US), Daniel Rozin (US), John Gerrard (Ireland), Leonel Moura (Portugal), and Alan Rath (US), whose practices redefine creativity in the digital age.

Further enriching the exhibition are the collaborative works of Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneau (Austria/France) and Edmond Couchot and Michel Bret (France), alongside experimental artists like aaajiao (Xu Wenkai, China), Anna Ridler (UK), Yining Fei and Chuck Kuan (China/US), Charles Sandison (UK), and Quayola (Italy). Together, these artists offer a comprehensive exploration of computational and robotic art, bridging history, innovation, and regional narratives.

The exhibition’s setting in Saudi Arabia, a country with a young, tech-savvy population, provides a fitting backdrop for this exploration of the evolving relationship between art and technology. With the word “algorithm” originating from the Islamic world, “Art Must Be Artificial” presents an intriguing regional connection, while bridging past, present, and future, to examine how algorithms and AI are transforming the nature of art creation.

Reflecting on his curatorial vision, Neutres said: “This exhibition seeks to explore a profound transformation, where artists are not just creators but architects of a new digital age. By embracing the power of AI and computational technology, contemporary artists are redefining the boundaries of art, opening infinite possibilities for the future. 

“At Diriyah Art Futures, we are presenting a dialogue between past pioneers and today’s visionaries, showcasing how the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is uniquely well-positioned to lead these critical conversations in the global art world,” Neutres added.

In addition to the exhibition, Diriyah Art Futures offers a robust programming schedule that includes panel discussions, masterclasses, hands-on workshops, performances, and guided tours, designed to engage audiences in the dynamic intersection of art and technology. The activities, which feature prominent artists and scholars, provide an immersive experience for those looking to deepen their understanding of new media art. Tickets for both the exhibition and public programs are available through the Diriyah Art Futures website, offering visitors the chance to participate in a range of unique experiences that push the boundaries of art. 


American and Australian tourists die, raising toll to 4 in Laos alcohol poisoning incident

American and Australian tourists die, raising toll to 4 in Laos alcohol poisoning incident
Updated 42 min 2 sec ago
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American and Australian tourists die, raising toll to 4 in Laos alcohol poisoning incident

American and Australian tourists die, raising toll to 4 in Laos alcohol poisoning incident
  • The two Australian women fell ill on November 13 after a night out drinking with a group
  • They are believed to have consumed drinks tainted with methanol

VIENTIANE, Laos: An Australian teenager has died after drinking tainted alcohol in Vang Vieng, Laos, Australia’s prime minister said Thursday, and the US State Department confirmed an American also died in the same party town, bringing the death toll to four in the poisoning incident.
Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese told Parliament that 19-year-old Bianca Jones had died after being evacuated from Laos for treatment in a Thai hospital. Her friend, also 19, remains hospitalized in Thailand.
Meantime, the State Department confirmed that an American tourist had also died, but said it had no further comment out of respect to the families.
“This is every parent’s very worst fear and a nightmare that no one should have to endure,” Albanese told lawmakers, adding “we also take this moment to say that we’re thinking of Bianca’s friend Holly Bowles who is fighting for her life.”
The two Australian women fell ill on Nov. 13 after a night out drinking with a group. They are believed to have consumed drinks tainted with methanol, which sometimes used as the alcohol in mixed drinks at disreputable bars and can cause severe poisoning or death.
New Zealand’s Foreign Ministry said Thursday one of its citizens was also unwell in Laos and could be a victim of methanol poisoning. Denmark’s Foreign Ministry, when asked about the poisoning incident, said Wednesday that two of its citizens had died in Laos but would not provide further details.
“We have updated our travel advisory for Laos to note that there have been several cases of suspected methanol poisoning after consuming alcoholic drinks,” New Zealand’s Foreign Ministry said. “Travelers are advised to be cautious about consuming alcoholic beverages, particularly cocktails and drinks made with spirits that may have been adulterated with harmful substances.”


After bail in state gifts case, new charges filed against Pakistan’s Imran Khan

After bail in state gifts case, new charges filed against Pakistan’s Imran Khan
Updated 14 min 38 sec ago
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After bail in state gifts case, new charges filed against Pakistan’s Imran Khan

After bail in state gifts case, new charges filed against Pakistan’s Imran Khan
  • Khan has been named in case relating to alleged violence by his supporters during a rally in September 
  • Khan, who has been in jail since August 2023, says all cases against him are politically motivated 

ISLAMABAD: Rawalpindi police said on Thursday they had filed fresh charges against former Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan related to violence at a party rally in September, a day after a court granted the ex-premier bail in a case involving the illegal sale of gifts from a state repository. 

On Wednesday, the Islamabad High Court granted Khan bail in the new Toshakhana case, filed in July and involving a jewelry set worth over €380,000 gifted to the former first lady by a foreign dignitary when Khan was prime minister from 2018-2022. The couple is accused of undervaluing the gift and buying it at a lesser price from the state repository.

Before the new case was filed, Khan, who has been in jail since last August, was convicted in four cases. Two of the cases have since been suspended, including an original one relating to state gifts, while he was acquitted in the remaining two.

“A case has been registered for arson, stone pelting, resisting the police, damage to government property and other incidents,” Rawalpindi Police announced on X, reading the charges against Khan in connection to a protest held by his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party in September. 

“Investigation team headed by SSP Investigation is investigating Imran Khan. Khan will be produced in court to obtain physical remand.”

Charges have also been filed in the case against Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chief Minister Ali Amin Gandapur and a number of PTI leaders, including Seemabia Tahir, Amir Mughar and Aliya Hamza.

The police report of the case, which was filed on Sept. 28, the day of the rally, lists terrorism, attempted murder, vandalism, destruction of public and state property, and interference in government operations as the main charges. It says participants of the PTI rally created unrest, obstructed public access by burning tires and caused difficulties for citizens.

It also charges PTI leaders and supporters of raising anti-government slogans, hurling stones at the police and attacking them with iron rods during the protest.

Several police vehicles were damaged by PTI rallygoers and one police officer was injured, the report says.

Khan was in prison when the Sept. 28 rally took place. The former premier denies any wrongdoing, and alleges all the cases registered against him since he was removed from power in 2022 are politically motivated to keep him in jail.


Banana taped to a wall sells for $6.2 million in New York

Banana taped to a wall sells for $6.2 million in New York
Updated 57 min 43 sec ago
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Banana taped to a wall sells for $6.2 million in New York

Banana taped to a wall sells for $6.2 million in New York
  • Chinese-born crypto founder Justin Sun forks over more than six million for the fruit and its single strip of silver duct tape
  • Given the shelf life of a banana, Sun is essentially buying a certificate of authenticity that the work was created by Maurizio Cattelan

NEW YORK: A fresh banana taped to a wall — a provocative work of conceptual art by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan — was bought for $6.2 million on Wednesday by a cryptocurrency entrepreneur at a New York auction, Sotheby’s announced in a statement.
The debut of the edible creation entitled “Comedian” at the Art Basel show in Miami Beach in 2019 sparked controversy and raised questions about whether it should be considered art — Cattelan’s stated aim.
Chinese-born crypto founder Justin Sun on Wednesday forked over more than six million for the fruit and its single strip of silver duct tape, which went on sale for 120,000 dollars five years ago.
“This is not just an artwork. It represents a cultural phenomenon that bridges the worlds of art, memes, and the cryptocurrency community,” Sun was quoted as saying in the Sotheby’s statement.
“I believe this piece will inspire more thought and discussion in the future and will become a part of history.”
The sale featured seven potential buyers and smashed expectations, with the auction house issuing a guide price of $1-1.5 million before the bidding.
Given the shelf life of a banana, Sun is essentially buying a certificate of authenticity that the work was created by Cattelan as well as instructions about how to replace the fruit when it goes bad.
The installation auctioned on Wednesday was the third iteration — with the first one eaten by performance artist David Datuna, who said he felt “hungry” while inspecting it at the Miami show.
Sun, who founded cryptomoney exchange Tron, said that he intended to eat his investment too.
“In the coming days, I will personally eat the banana as part of this unique artistic experience, honoring its place in both art history and popular culture,” he said.
As well as his banana work, Cattelan is also known for producing an 18-carat, fully functioning gold toilet called “America” that was offered to Donald Trump during his first term in the White House.
His work is often humorous and deliberately provocative, with a 1999 sculpture of the pope stuck by a meteor titled “The Ninth Hour.”
He has explained the banana work as a critical commentary on the art market, which he has criticized in the past for being speculative and failing to help artists.
The asking price of $120,000 for “Comedian” in 2019 was seen at the time as evidence that the market was “bananas” and the art world had “gone mad,” as The New York Post said in a front-page article.
The banana sold on Wednesday was bought for 35 cents from a Bangladeshi fruit seller on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, according to The New York Times.
Sun has hit headlines in the past as an art collector and as a major player in the murky cryptocurrency world.
He was charged last year by the US Securities and Exchange Commission for alleged market manipulation and unregistered sales of crypto assets, which he promoted with celebrity endorsements, including from Lindsay Lohan.
In 2021, he bought Alberto Giacometti’s “Le Nez” for $78.4 million, which was hailed by Sotheby’s at the time as signaling “an influx of younger, tech-savvy collectors.”
Global art markets have been dropping in value in recent years due to higher interest rates, as well as concern about geopolitical instability, experts say.
“Empire of Light” (“L’Empire des lumieres“), a painting by Rene Magritte, shattered an auction record for the surrealist artist on Tuesday, however, selling for more than $121 million at Christie’s in New York.


Pakistani PM thanks King Salman, Gates foundations for global anti-polio efforts

Pakistani PM thanks King Salman, Gates foundations for global anti-polio efforts
Updated 21 November 2024
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Pakistani PM thanks King Salman, Gates foundations for global anti-polio efforts

Pakistani PM thanks King Salman, Gates foundations for global anti-polio efforts
  • Pakistan, along with neighboring Afghanistan, remains last polio-endemic country in the world
  • This year, 50 cases have been reported in Pakistan so far, a majority in Balochistan province 

ISLAMABAD: Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Wednesday met a delegation of the Polio Oversight Board in Islamabad and thanked the King Salman and Bill & Melinda Gates foundations, among others, in their global efforts for polio eradication.

Pakistan, along with neighboring Afghanistan, remains the last polio-endemic country in the world. The nation’s polio eradication campaign has hit serious problems with a spike in reported cases this year that has prompted officials to review their approach to stopping the crippling disease.

Poliovirus, which can cause crippling paralysis particularly in young children, is incurable and remains a threat to human health as long as it has not been eradicated. Immunization campaigns have succeeded in most countries and have come close in Pakistan, but persistent problems remain.

“The Prime Minister thanked the King Salman Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Rotary Foundation, UNICEF and CDC, which are partners with the Government of Pakistan in the polio eradication campaign,” Sharif’s office said in a statement after the meeting. 

“The role of all these organizations reflects the global efforts in the polio eradication campaign.”

This year, 50 cases have been reported in Pakistan: 24 from Balochistan province, 13 from Sindh, 10 from KP and one each from Punjab and Islamabad. 

In the early 1990s, Pakistan reported around 20,000 cases annually but in 2018 the number dropped to eight cases. Six cases were reported in 2023 and only one in 2021. 

Pakistan’s polio eradication program began in 1994, and the number of cases has declined dramatically since then. But efforts to eradicate the virus have for years been undermined by vaccine misinformation and opposition from some religious hard-liners, who say immunization is a foreign ploy to sterilize Muslim children or a cover for Western spies. Militant groups also frequently attack and kill members of polio vaccine teams. 

In July 2019, a vaccination drive in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was thwarted after mass panic was created by rumors that children were fainting or vomiting after being immunized.

Public health studies in Pakistan have shown that maternal illiteracy and low parental knowledge about vaccines, together with poverty and rural residency, are also factors that commonly influence whether parents vaccinate their children against polio.

Pakistan’s chief health officer this month said an estimated 500,000 children had missed polio vaccinations during a recent countrywide inoculation drive due to vaccine refusals.