Battle for Khartoum wrecks key Sudan oil refinery/node/2594254/middle-east
Battle for Khartoum wrecks key Sudan oil refinery
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The refinery, considered before the war a vital lifeline for Sudan and its southern neighbor South Sudan, fell into the hands of the RSF just days after fighting between the group and the army erupted in April 2023. (AFP)
Al-Jaili refinery, some 70 kilometers north of Khartoum, was captured by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces
“Some units have been completely destroyed and are now out of service,” the refinery’s deputy director, Sirajuddin Muhammad, told AFP
Updated 20 March 2025
AFP
AL-JAILI, Sudan: The once-pristine white oil tanks of Sudan’s largest refinery have been blackened by nearly two years of devastating war, leaving the country heavily dependent on fuel imports it can ill afford.
The Chinese-built Al-Jaili refinery, some 70 kilometers (45 miles) north of Khartoum, was captured by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), just days after fighting with the regular army erupted in April 2023.
For months, artillery exchanges battered the facility, forcing a complete shutdown in July 2023.
The regular army finally recaptured the refinery in January as part of a wider offensive to retake greater Khartoum but operations remain at a standstill, with vast sections of the plant lying in ruins.
Towering storage tanks, which once gleamed under the sun, are now cloaked in soot and the ground is littered with twisted pipes and pools of leaked oil.
“Some units have been completely destroyed and are now out of service,” the refinery’s deputy director, Sirajuddin Muhammad, told AFP. “Other sections need to be entirely replaced.”
Before the war, Al-Jaili processed up to 100,000 barrels per day of crude, meeting nearly half of Sudan’s fuel needs.
“The refinery was crucial for Sudan, covering 50 percent of the country’s petrol needs, 40 percent of its diesel and 50 percent of its cooking gas,” economist Khalid el-Tigani told AFP.
“With its closure, Sudan has been forced to rely on imports to fill the gap, with fuel now being brought in by the private sector using foreign currency.”
And hard currency is in desperately short supply in Sudan after the deepening conflict between Sudan’s rival generals uprooted more than 12 million people, devastating the nation’s economy.
The Sudanese pound now trades at around 2,400 to the dollar, compared to 600 before the war, leaving imported goods beyond the means of most people.
During the army’s recapture of the refinery in January, what remained of it was gutted by a massive fire.
The RSF blamed the blaze on “barrel bombs” dropped by the air force.
The regular army accused the RSF of deliberately torching it in a “desperate attempt to destroy the country’s infrastructure.”
An AFP team visited the refinery under military escort on Tuesday. Burnt out vehicles lined the roadside as the convoy passed through abandoned neighborhoods.
As the refinery grew nearer, the blackened skeletons of storage tanks loomed in the distance and the acrid smell of burnt oil grew stronger.
The control rooms, where engineers once monitored operations, had been completely gutted.
Pools of water left over from the firefighting effort in January had yet to drain away.
Built in two phases, in 2000 and 2006, the plant cost $2.7 billion to build, with China taking the lead role.
Beijing still retains a 10 percent stake, while the Sudanese state controls the remaining 90 percent.
Refinery officials estimate it will cost at least $1.3 billion to get the refinery working again.
“Some parts must be manufactured in their country of origin, which determines the timeline of repairs,” Muhammad said.
An engineer at the refinery, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the media, said that even if Sudan secured the necessary financing, “it would still take at least three years to get this place running again.”
The discovery of large domestic oil reserves in the 1970s and 1980s transformed the Sudanese economy.
But when South Sudan seceded in 2011, the fledgling nation took with it about three-quarters of the formerly united country’s oil output.
South Sudan remains dependent on Sudanese pipelines to export its oil, paying transit fees to the rump country that are one of its few remaining sources of hard currency.
But the war has put that arrangement at risk.
In February last year, the pipeline used to export South Sudanese oil through Port Sudan on the country’s Red Sea coast was knocked out by fighting between the army and the RSF.
Exports were halted for nearly a year, resuming only in January.
Libya says oil leak occurs in pipeline south of Zawiya city
The NOC posted a picture showing a stream of leaked oil in the desert
Updated 29 sec ago
Reuters
An oil leak forced the shutdown of a pipeline south of Libya's city of Zawiya, the National Oil Corporation (NOC) said on Saturday.
Zawiya, 40 km (25 miles) west of the capital Tripoli, is home to Libya's biggest functioning refinery, with a capacity of 120,000 barrels per day. The refinery is connected to the country's 300,000-barrels-per-day Sharara oilfield.
The NOC posted a picture showing a stream of leaked oil in the desert. Flow from the Hamada oilfields through the affected pipeline was immediately halted, the company said in a statement.
"In parallel with the maintenance work, a team of specialists is conducting an investigation to determine the causes of the leak. Arrangements and coordination are also underway to recover the leaked oil and address any resulting environmental pollution," the company added.
Lebanon army says receives suspect in Christian party official’s killing
Pascal Sleiman of the Lebanese Forces Christian party was abducted and killed in April 2024
The army had said he was killed in a carjacking by Syrian gang members
Updated 24 May 2025
AFP
BEIRUT: Lebanon’s army said Saturday it had taken into custody a suspect in last year’s killing of a Christian political official, with help from Syria’s new authorities, in a case that sparked public outrage.
Pascal Sleiman, a coordinator in the Byblos (Jbeil) area north of Beirut for the Lebanese Forces (LF) Christian party, was abducted and killed in April 2024.
The army had said he was killed in a carjacking by Syrian gang members who then took his body across the border.
The army received “one of the main individuals involved in the crime of kidnapping and killing” Sleiman after coordinating with Syrian authorities, a military statement said.
The suspect “heads a gang involved in kidnapping, robbery and forgery and has a large number of arrest warrants against him,” the statement said, adding that investigations were underway.
Sleiman’s LF party opposed Syria’s longtime ruler Bashar Assad, who was ousted in December, as well as its Lebanese ally Hezbollah, which last year was engaged in cross-border fire with Israel that escalated into all-out war.
Beirut and Damascus have been seeking to improve ties since the overthrow of Assad, whose family dynasty for decades exercised control over Lebanese affairs.
Anti-Syrian sentiment soared after Sleiman’s disappearance and death, in a country hosting hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees.
Some accused Hezbollah of having a hand in the killing, but then chief Hassan Nasrallah, who was later killed in a massive Israeli air strike, denied his party was involved.
The LF had said it would consider Sleiman’s death a “political assassination until proven otherwise.”
Will sanctions relief unlock Syria’s potential, spur economic recovery?
With US and EU restrictions easing and the diaspora mobilizing, Syria’s entrepreneurs are cautiously eyeing a path to renewal
The future may depend less on oil, and more on whether people believe it is safe to come home — and stay, analysts say
Updated 24 May 2025
ANAN TELLO
LONDON: In a dramatic shift in US foreign policy, President Donald Trump recently pledged to lift sanctions on Syria — a move that has sparked cautious optimism among Syrian entrepreneurs eyeing a long-awaited path to economic recovery after years of war and isolation.
The announcement was quickly followed by a high-profile meeting in Riyadh on May 14 between Trump and Syria’s interim president, Ahmed Al-Sharaa, ahead of a broader summit of Gulf leaders during Trump’s regional tour, signaling a renewed emphasis on diplomatic engagement with Damascus.
Hosted by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the meeting marked the most significant international overture to Syria since the fall of Bashar Assad’s regime in December.
It also marked the first meeting between a sitting US president and a Syrian head of state in more than 20 years.
Sanctions imposed on the Assad regime and inherited by Al-Sharaa’s government targeted key sectors such as banking, transport and energy. (AFP)
Further cementing this policy change, the US on Saturday issued a six-month waiver of key Caesar Act sanctions, authorizing transactions with Syria’s interim government, central bank, and state firms. The move also clears the way for investment in energy, water, and infrastructure to support humanitarian aid and reconstruction.
In a further boost, the EU announced on May 20 that it would follow the US lead and lift its own remaining sanctions on Syria. “We want to help the Syrian people rebuild a new, inclusive and peaceful Syria,” EU foreign policy chief, Kaja Kallas, posted on X.
Analysts believe that these developments suggest a thaw in relations, opening the door to future cooperation, particularly in rebuilding Syria’s war-ravaged economy.
“Lifting sanctions is a necessary and critical measure,” Syrian economic adviser Humam Aljazaeri told Arab News, highlighting that a key sector poised to benefit is energy, particularly electricity generation.
Syria’s energy infrastructure has been decimated by more than a decade of civil war and sanctions.
Before the conflict erupted in 2011, Syria produced about 400,000 barrels of oil a day, nearly half of which was exported, according to the Alma Research and Education Center.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, center, hosted a meeting between Syria’s interim president, Ahmed Al-Sharaa, right, and US President Donald Trump in Riyadh. (SPA)
Since then, oil and gas output has plunged by more than 80 percent, as fields, refineries and pipelines were destroyed or seized by warring factions, according to World Bank data.
Power generation dropped 56 percent between 2011 and 2015, the local newspaper Al-Watan reported at the time. Today, daily blackouts — sometimes lasting 20 hours — are a grim feature of life across Syria.
Beyond energy, Aljazaeri highlighted the humanitarian sector as another area in urgent need of relief. If sanctions are lifted, Syria “would enjoy a frictionless flow of programs through various UN and other international agencies,” he said.
That relief cannot come soon enough. The UN estimates that 16.7 million Syrians — roughly three-quarters of the population — will require humanitarian aid in 2025. Syria is now the world’s fourth most food-insecure country, with 14.5 million people in need of nutritional support.
Despite the scale of need, international funding remains woefully short. As of late February, only 10 percent of the $1.2 billion required for early 2025 humanitarian operations had been secured, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Even when funds are available, getting aid to those in need is an ongoing logistical challenge. Continued conflict, insecurity and decimated infrastructure — especially in the hard-hit northern and northeastern regions — make delivery slow and difficult.
Conditions are worsening. Severe drought this year threatens to wipe out up to 75 percent of Syria’s wheat crop, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, placing millions at even greater risk of hunger.
Syria is now the world’s fourth most food-insecure country, with 14.5 million people in need of nutritional support. (AFP)
The crisis is further compounded by the return of about 1.2 million displaced Syrians between December and early 2025. Many have returned to towns and villages in ruins, overwhelming humanitarian services.
While sectors such as transport and trade could see quick wins if sanctions are eased, Aljazaeri cautioned that a full recovery would require time and clearer international policy direction.
“Sectors like infrastructure, health, education and general business are not expected to move quickly in the interim period,” he said. “These areas need a clearer international policy on sanctions and a more stable investment climate.”
Lifting sanctions is a necessary and critical measure
Humam Aljazaeri, Syrian economic adviser
For now, Aljazaeri said, the US is expected to offer only limited relief — temporary exemptions and executive licenses for 180 days — before reassessing its stance, potentially through a broader congressional review.
“This piecemeal approach won’t provide enough assurance for serious investors,” he said. “Against this backdrop, it is important to see how the government will act in the coming weeks and months to justify further international integration and a more sustainable lifting of sanctions.”
Rebuilding Syria could cost between $400 billion and $600 billion, according to Lebanese economist Nasser Saidi.
Syria’s energy infrastructure has been decimated by more than a decade of civil war and sanctions. (AFP)
Syria’s natural resources and its regional pipeline network could attract investors, he wrote in an essay for Arabian Gulf Business Insight magazine.
However, he emphasized that tapping this potential would require dismantling the country’s “corrupt, politically controlled, state-owned enterprises and government-related entities,” and reviving a vibrant private sector.
Some positive steps, however small, are already underway. The Karam Shaar Advisory, a New Zealand-based consulting firm, noted that 97 new limited liability companies were registered in Syria between Assad’s fall in December and March 26.
While the firm called it “a modest rise in formal company formation,” it said that economic stagnation persists.
Meanwhile, efforts to rebuild shattered infrastructure are gaining traction, particularly with the Syrian diaspora poised to play a role.
INNUMBERS
• 84% Syria’s GDP contraction between 2010 and 2023.
• $400–$600bn Syria’s projected reconstruction and redevelopment needs.
(Sources: World Bank & Nasser Saidi & Associates)
“Conversations are underway about involving all stakeholders to create enabling frameworks,” Mohamed Ghazal, managing director of Startup Syria, a community-led initiative supporting Syrian entrepreneurs, told Arab News.
Government buy-in will be essential. “Think tanks and task forces are working on this, but strong cooperation from the Syrian government is crucial — and there are promising signs in this direction,” Ghazal said.
He highlighted the diaspora’s potential to drive investment, skills transfer and community development. “There is a growing recognition that the Syrian diaspora can significantly contribute to ecosystem-building,” he said.
Still, many in the diaspora remain cautious. Ghazal said that the tipping point for engagement included sustainable peace, rule of law, property rights, improved governance, reduced corruption, investment incentives, infrastructure reconstruction and a coordinated international approach.
Aljazaeri echoed those concerns, noting that lifting sanctions alone would not stabilize Syria or improve living conditions. “Issues related to law and order, reconciliation and good policies are detrimental,” he said.
“In our view, it is not inflation, corruption, or cronyism that would pose a challenge at this stage, rather ‘right economics’ or the lack of it. The Syrian administration needs to demonstrate competency in running the economy and applying the necessary reforms.
“It has the power, maybe also the will, but must have the capabilities to do the right thing,” he said, stressing that “to do that, it needs to engage more and widen the pool of dialogue and trust.”
Despite the optimism, the path ahead remains fraught with dangers. (AFP)
However, the path ahead remains fraught with dangers. Geir Pedersen, the UN special envoy for Syria, warned on Wednesday of “the real dangers of renewed conflict and deeper fragmentation” in the war-torn country.
Since Assad’s fall, Syria has seen new waves of violence, particularly along the coast, where his Alawite sect is concentrated. Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham, the Islamist group that led the offensive that toppled Assad, now controls much of the area, which has been wracked by sectarian violence.
Reports of mass executions, looting and arson have heightened fears of renewed sectarian conflict. Al-Sharaa’s government is reportedly struggling to assert control, facing clashes with Druze in the south and standoffs with Kurds in the northeast.
“The Al-Sharaa government has two options in Syria; bring the minorities into government in a meaningful way so they feel invested in the future of the country and believe that they can protect themselves from within the state, or to suppress the minorities and force their compliance,” Joshua Landis, director of the Center for Middle East Studies at the University of Oklahoma, told Arab News.
FASTFACTS
• By 2023, the Syrian pound had collapsed 300-fold from SYP47 per dollar in 2011 to over SYP14,000.
• Hack for Syria, a hybrid event held Feb. 22–28, drew 5,500 participants from Syria and abroad.
“So far, Al-Sharaa has been using both methods. With the Alawites, he has favored the second method — force. With the Druze and Kurds, he has offered deals.”
Despite the instability, experts argue the interim government and international partners can still take steps to foster investment and recovery.
“Temporarily unlocking frozen financial assets could provide a lifeline,” Aljazaeri said. “How those resources are used will define the government’s direction.”
Ghazal said that capital is urgently needed to fuel entrepreneurship. “Transparent financial channels, encouragement of diaspora investment and attraction of impact investors could bring necessary seed and growth capital,” he said.
Today, I met with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa and Foreign Minister Assad al-Shaibani in Istanbul to implement President Trump’s bold decision to provide a path for peace and prosperity in Syria. President al-Sharaa praised America’s fast action on lifting sanctions,… pic.twitter.com/m63iiZTGLL
— Ambassador Tom Barrack (@USAMBTurkiye) May 24, 2025
He noted Syria’s growing startup scene, with more than 200 active ventures. Events such as the “Hack for Syria” hackathon, held from Feb. 22–28, showcased the country’s talent and drive to solve local problems.
“However, these entrepreneurs need support to scale and access global opportunities,” he said.
Sanctions imposed on the Assad regime and inherited by Al-Sharaa’s government targeted key sectors such as banking, transport and energy.
Syria’s gross domestic product plunged from $67.5 billion in 2011 to about $21 billion in 2024, according to the World Bank.
The diaspora has a potential to drive investment, skills transfer and community development. (AFP)
The sanctions cut Syria off from the global financial system, froze government assets and strangled trade — especially in oil — crippling state revenues and economic activity.
This contributed to widespread poverty, with more than 90 percent of Syrians forced below the poverty line.
As Syria emerges from more than a decade of turmoil, the lifting of US and EU sanctions offers a rare economic lifeline — and the possibility of a new chapter in its complex relationship with the West.
‘Many more’ Conservative MPs back UK govt stance on Israel: MP
Mark Pritchard: PM ‘on right side of history’ after joint statement condemning Gaza war
Britain must recognize Palestinian state in ‘huge symbol of support’
Updated 24 May 2025
Arab News
LONDON: “Many more” Conservative MPs in the UK privately support calls by Prime Minister Keir Starmer and British allies for Israel to end its Gaza war, a Conservative MP has said.
Mark Pritchard told LBC that Starmer is on the “right side of history” and “humanity,” The Independent reported on Saturday.
However, Pritchard refused to criticize Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch, who questioned new British sanctions on Israeli settlers and a joint UK-France-Canada statement on Gaza this week.
The leaders of the three countries condemned “egregious” Israeli actions in Gaza and threatened to take “concrete actions” if Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu fails to change course.
In response, Netanyahu accused the UK, France and Canada of being on the “wrong side of justice.”
Pritchard, who describes himself as strongly pro-Israel, told LBC: “Half the population of Gaza are children. They are being literally bombed to bits every single day. They are being slowly starved.
“It’s absolutely right the UK prime minister, who so happens to be a Labour prime minister right now, would stand up on the right side.
“I push it back to the Israeli prime minister. I think Keir Starmer and those standing up for the children of Gaza are on the right side of history, the right side of humanity and are making the right moral judgment.”
Pritchard said he now believes in the necessity of Britain recognizing a Palestinian state. “It may be symbolic, but I think it will be a huge symbol of support both for the Israelis that want to see that and also for the Palestinians. But the key point at the moment is the Israeli government need to be held to account,” he added.
“I support the UK prime minister and many more, by the way, in the British Conservative Party, are coming up to me privately at the moment.”
On Friday, Badenoch said the government’s new actions targeting Israeli settlers and trade relations with the country are not the “right way” to resolve differences with Netanyahu.
Pritchard told LBC: “I’m coming on to support Kemi on the comments on antisemitism and supporting the prime minister on his strong stand, finally, on what’s going on in Gaza.”
Aoun praises southern resilience as voters head to polls for municipal elections
‘The will of construction is stronger than destruction,’ president says during visit
He exercised his right to vote for the first time in 40 years
Updated 24 May 2025
NAJIA HOUSSARI
BEIRUT: Residents of southern Lebanon voted on Saturday in the country’s municipal elections.
The fourth and last stage of the elections took place in the southern and Nabatieh governorates.
“The will of life is stronger than death, and the will of construction is stronger than destruction,” President Joseph Aoun said during a tour of south Lebanon.
Aoun’s visit, which came just minutes before ballot boxes opened at 7 a.m., was particularly significant as he is from the border village of Al-Aaishiyah.
The president exercised his right to vote for the first time in 40 years. Under national law, he had been forbidden from voting due to his active military service.
His presence in the far south provided a sense of reassurance, particularly as the elections were taking place less than 48 hours after intense Israeli airstrikes in the region.
When asked if there were assurances against Israeli attacks on election day, Aoun said: “The guarantees are in place. The south is part of Lebanon and the heart of the nation, and nothing should deter the Lebanese people from exercising their will to persevere.”
The streets of Al-Aaishiyah were adorned with Lebanese flags, and residents welcomed the president with chants supporting his positions, showering him with rice and flowers.
After casting his vote, Aoun said: “I have spent 40 years protecting elections, and today, for the first time, I am voting in an electoral event to support the town’s development.
“Elections by consensus represent a form of democracy, and the country is founded on consensual democracy.”
Aoun delivered several messages during his tour, saying: “Today is not only Liberation Day, but also a day for democracy and making the right choice.”
He urged citizens to take part in the vote in large numbers, and described the election as developmental rather than political.
“Vote for representatives who support development in our cities and villages, honor the sacrifices of our people and contribute to reconstruction,” he said.
Aoun commended the resilience of people in the south and acknowledged the many challenges they have faced.
He highlighted the efforts of security and judicial agencies, as well as civil servants, in managing the electoral process at every stage.
The elections were held one day before the anniversary of Liberation Day, which Lebanon celebrates each year on May 25 since 2000 — the year Israel withdrew from the south after decades of occupation.
The Lebanese army, Internal Security Forces and State Security members secured the polling stations, deploying personnel at entrances and outside.
Voters in Sidon and its surrounding villages took part in electoral contests, with politicians from the city present at polling stations to cast their votes.
Among them were former prime minister Fouad Siniora, former MP Bahia Hariri and MP Abdul Rahman Bizri.
Interior Minister Ahmed Hajjar monitored the electoral process, traveling between border villages and areas north of the Litani River.
No one was preventing southerners from exercising their democratic rights, he said.
“We did not seek guarantees for conducting the elections from anyone. Instead, we communicated with the countries involved in the ceasefire agreement.
“As a state and government, we have decided to hold these elections to ensure that every citizen and every southerner can exercise their right to vote and practice sovereignty, with the state fully supporting this process with all its effort and determination,” the minister added.
Army Commander Gen. Rodolphe Haikal inspected the central operations room located in the southern region at the Mohammed Zgheib Barracks in Sidon.
He assessed the security protocols adopted by military units to safeguard the electoral process.
Gen. Haikal visited the command of the Fifth Infantry Brigade in Bayada and was briefed on the brigade’s deployment in its operational sector and the security measures being implemented.
In a speech, he said: “The success of the electoral process holds significant importance in light of the current exceptional challenges.”
Addressing military personnel, he said the success of the electoral process was a testament to the commitment of the people of the south to their land, and the presence of the army was a crucial factor for reassurance and resilience.
Gen. Haikal said: “Our message is that the army stands firmly with the Lebanese people. Israel, which continues to violate Lebanon’s sovereignty and occupies part of its territory, will not deter the military from fully fulfilling its duties.”
Among those who voted on Saturday were Hezbollah members wounded in the 2024 pager attack, which saw thousands of booby-trapped devices blow up near-simultaneously in an operation carried out by Israel.
Photos were taken of them in front of the ballot boxes as they cast their votes with amputated fingers and blinded eyes.
Border town residents who had fled their homes south of the Litani River amid the Hezbollah-Israel war cast their votes at dedicated centers in Nabatieh, north of the river.
The displaced voters expressed anger over having to vote outside their towns as well as their continued displacement, with no reconstruction on the horizon.
Dozens of complaints were filed with the central operations room, while the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections, or LADE, complained of “harassment against its representatives.”
Elections in most of the border towns, which suffered Israeli attacks 48 hours beforehand, were won by default, except for Houla and Aitaroun, as well as mixed towns like Yarin, Yaroun, Shamaa and Dhahira.
Towns where Hezbollah and the Amal Movement failed to secure the endorsement of loyal candidates witnessed a grassroots surge.
Mixed towns or those with Sunni, Christian or Druze majorities experienced fierce competition.
The Interior Ministry allowed candidate withdrawals to continue until Saturday morning.
Out of 272 municipalities, 109 won by default in both governorates.
Leftist parties and independents competed in towns where the Shiite duo’s attempts at reaching a consensus failed, and in towns witnessing competition between the two.
The towns that witnessed electoral contests include Kfar Reman, Doueir, Kfar Tebnit and Adloun.
The Lebanese Forces competed against the Free Patriotic Movement in Jezzine.
In towns where competition between candidates was intense, voter turnout reached almost 40 percent by the afternoon.
Hezbollah MP Hassan Fadlallah said that winning by default is “the most important message sent by the people of the south to the Israelis.”
MP Ali Fayyad said: “Southerners prove once again that they support the resistance and endorse the national duo as a political choice.”
