Exploring the history of Saudi Arabia’s ancient Dumat Al-Jandal
Exploring the history of Saudi Arabia’s ancient Dumat Al-Jandal/node/2588559/saudi-arabia
Exploring the history of Saudi Arabia’s ancient Dumat Al-Jandal
Remains of the ancient city, Dumat Al-Jandal, which now lies in Al-Jouf, around 50km away from Sakaka can be seen here. Many empires in the past tried to capture it. (SPA)
Exploring the history of Saudi Arabia’s ancient Dumat Al-Jandal
Dumat Al-Jandal was strong and rich because of trade, says Saudi archeologist
Updated 31 January 2025
Haifa Alshammari
RIYADH: In the heart of Al-Jouf, around 50km away from Sakaka, is the city of Dumat Al-Jandal — or, to give it its ancient name, “Adumato.”
Civilizations and kingdoms have thrived here for thousands of years, leaving behind traces of their existence carved onto walls and corners.
“It was a rainy period with rivers and forests, then it turned into a savanna, then into a period of little rain, then the habitation moved to other nearby sites such as the site of Al-Jamal and the site of Al-Rajajil,” explained Hussain Al-Khalifah, a Saudi archaeologist with over 30 years’ experience.
Italian ambassador Carlo Baldocci, during his visit to archaeological sites at Dumat Aljandal in October 2024. (Supplied)
“After that, the Arabian Peninsula became a desert as we see it today. In ancient times, humans moved to sites with fertile soil and water resources. Therefore, Dumat Al-Jandal is one of the oldest cities inhabited around the second millennium BCE,” he said.
When the city was first established, people needed stability and safety. But that could not be achieved without peace, especially with their neighbors such as the kingdoms of Tayma, Iraq and the Levant.
FASTFACT
Among the kingdoms and empires that tried to control Dumat Al-Jandal were the Assyrians, who made numerous attempts to control and capture the lands.
A trade road was created to exchange goods and link regions, and Dumat Al-Jandal was one of the significant points on this for people coming from the south of the Arabian Peninsula.
“It was an important point at the beginning of the land trade,” Al-Khalifah told Arab News.
Marid Palace, one of the remarks of Dumat Aljandal and evidence of the rich history of the city. (SPA)
“Dumat Al-Jandal was strong and rich because of trade. The people were protectors of the trade that passed by the city and, therefore, they took some of the goods in exchange for protecting merchants.”
Among the kingdoms and empires that tried to control Dumat Al-Jandal were the Assyrians, who made numerous attempts to control and capture the lands.
However, another kingdom was rising at the same time — the Arabian Qedarites, which not only prevented the Assyrians from taking Dumat Al-Jandal but also expanded their territory until they reached Palestine, Al-Khalifah said.
The Assyrians captured Adumato eventually, though the exact date is unknown.
They were known to document information on clay tablets, some of which can still be seen today at Dumat Al-Jandal. They are among the primary sources that mention Arabs, providing a description of the people of the city and one of their queens, Talkhunu, among others.
They also mention a rebel named Yabu who revolted against Ayatea, the king of Dumat Al-Jandal who was loyal to the Assyrians.
The Assyrian king, an advocate of justice who despised aggression and rebellion, sent warriors to aid Ayatea who caught Yabu and put him in chains.
The tablets also mention a popular souk which took place each year on the first day of spring.
How Saudi Arabia is using advanced automated systems to tackle traffic congestion
SDAIA’s Sawaher is revolutionizing traffic management by harnessing data — from citywide trends down to individual streets
The upgrade has already cut road accident fatalities, reduced traffic, and improved the flow of vehicles during major events
Updated 27 sec ago
Marco Ferrari
RIYADH: Congestion is a major concern for residents of Saudi Arabia’s cities. Commuters in Riyadh alone lose an average of 52 hours in traffic annually, according to a 2024 estimate.
While projects like the Riyadh Metro, which opened the last of its lines in January, are doing their part to ease the flow of cars, the city’s population is still projected to grow from around 8 million today to 9.6 million in 2030, presenting further challenges.
The Saudi Data and AI Authority, in collaboration with government entities, has developed several systems that generate vast amounts of information on road traffic, ranging from a macro, citywide level to individual streets.
One of these is the Sawaher system, a national platform designed to analyze streams of images and videos using artificial intelligence and computer vision, providing real-time insights. One of its key use cases is in traffic management.
Another is the Smart C platform, which leverages data and artificial intelligence technologies to monitor, analyze, and predict operational indicators, supporting decision-making in smart city management.
“Riyadh is becoming a very busy city, so we need to be innovative, we need to act fast,” Mohammed Al-Buqami, general manager of product development at SDAIA’s Estishraf, told Arab News.
Mohammed Al-Buqami
The system developed by SDAIA analyzes data in detail, identifying accident hotspots and comparing seasonal fluctuations.
Areas with a high number of fatal accidents are assessed for whether or not signage or road infrastructure can be improved to cut down on collisions.
“Ramadan specifically will have different spots than any other month in the year,” Al-Buqami said, as working hours and commuting patterns shift during the holy month.
When a recent event in Riyadh attracted a huge number of visitors, it caused a ripple effect of congestion. That is why SDAIA, in collaboration with government entities, decided to develop a new tool “to ensure that traffic at the gate does not cause congestion in the surrounding area or impact major roads,” Al-Buqami said.
Looking to the future and problems that may arise from a rising population, SDAIA is working to introduce new technologies, and recently carried out a bootcamp for budding AI experts who came up with the idea for a robot that detects cracks, potholes, and puddles on the city’s roads, as well as an automated accident response system.
While SDAIA is on the cutting edge of data analytics and automated traffic management, the Kingdom has been implementing advanced technology solutions for road safety for more than a decade.
Saher, the automated penalty system, was developed in 2009 and launched the following year by the Ministry of Interior, using a network of cameras and radars.
The installation of Saher camera along major roads in Saudi Arabia have led to a reduction in speeding and reckless driving violations. (AN file photo)
When cameras detect a violation such as speeding, not wearing a seatbelt, texting while driving, or other such offenses, the system retrieves the vehicle owner’s details from the database and automatically issues a fine sent to the driver via SMS.
“The Saher system illustrates how AI and automation can revolutionize traffic enforcement and improve road safety,” Hasan Al-Ahmadi, associate professor at the Department of Civil Engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, told Arab News.
Saher operates continuously, ensuring consistent enforcement of traffic laws without relying on human oversight.
DID YOU KNOW?
• By the end of 2023, Saudi Arabia had 15.1 million roadworthy vehicles — a 6.2 percent increase from 2022.
• In 2016, the country’s road traffic fatality rate was 28.8 per 100,000 people.
• Vision 2030 reforms have cut road deaths by 54 percent, dropping to 13.6 per 100,000 from 2016 to 2023.
It can identify and track road users moving through cities, automatically recognizing number plates and allowing law enforcement officers to pinpoint stolen or wanted vehicles.
Saher cameras are placed at regular intervals and their watchful eye can detect infractions as minor as changing lanes excessively or not leaving enough room between vehicles.
Saher cameras are placed at regular intervals and their watchful eye can detect infractions as minor as changing lanes excessively or not leaving enough room between vehicles. (Supplied)
The system uses machine learning to study driver behaviors over time, identifying trends such as habitual speeding or repeated violations. Insights from this analysis are used for educational campaigns or stricter penalties for repeat offenders, said Al-Ahmadi, who has published a number of research papers on automation and road safety in Saudi Arabia.
The professor noted that a number of studies have shown decreases of up to 30 percent in speeding violations and red-light infractions since Saher was introduced.
In Dammam, accident rates dropped by approximately 20 percent, while congestion was reduced by around 20 percent in Dammam and Jeddah.
Congestion in Dammam's roads has been reduced by around 20 percent since the introduction of the Saher traffic monitoring system. (SPA file photo)
Meanwhile, studies also show that emergency response times improved by between 20-30 percent, Al-Ahmadi said.
In 2016, road accidents were the leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia. A total of 21 people were killed in crashes every day — almost one every hour.
These findings spurred the government into action. By 2023, fatal accidents had fallen by 54 percent.
Data and analytics were a key part of this success, with the number of road cameras increasing by 320 percent from 2016 to 2021, according to a World Health Organization report. Analyzing data from the country’s death registry also played a part.
Al-Ahmadi sees a future where even more advanced technology can play a part in making Saudi Arabia’s roads safer.
As Saudi Arabia moves towards a more sustainable society, automated systems could also monitor vehicle emissions and impose penalties in high-pollution zones, says Assistant Professor Hasan Al-Ahmadi of KFUPM's Department of Civil Engineering. (Supplied)
Drone technology could be used for real-time traffic monitoring in areas with limited camera coverage, he said. Integrating intersection management systems with self-driving vehicles could be another advanced solution.
Al-Ahmadi also suggested that monitoring technology could be upgraded to analyze drivers’ facial expressions, blink rates, and head movements to detect fatigue or distraction.
As Saudi Arabia moves towards a more sustainable society, automated systems could also monitor vehicle emissions and impose penalties in high-pollution zones, Al-Ahmadi added.
While the Kingdom’s cities continue to grow at a rapid rate, the problem of congestion and road safety is not going anywhere.
However, with a combination of automated technology and continuous monitoring, as well as the introduction of new infrastructure projects, officials have found early success in reducing fatalities and look poised to keep the issue at bay.
Saudi Border Guards thwart major drug smuggling operations in Asir
Updated 27 min 28 sec ago
SPA
ABHA: Border Guard land patrols in Asir’s Al-Raboua sector thwarted the smuggling of 300 kg of qat. Initial legal procedures were completed, and the seized items were handed to the relevant authorities.
In a separate incident, land patrols operating in the Dhahran Al-Janoub sector apprehended a Saudi national attempting to smuggle 40 kg of hashish. The suspect was processed according to protocol and, along with the seized narcotics, handed to the relevant authorities.
Security officials continue to encourage public vigilance, urging citizens and residents to report any information related to drug trafficking or distribution. Reports can be made by dialing 911 in Makkah, Riyadh and the Eastern Province, 999 in all other regions, or directly to the General Directorate of Narcotics Control at 995. Information can also be submitted electronically via email.
KSrelief runs volunteer medical project in Port Sudan
Updated 35 min 12 sec ago
Arab News
PORT SUDAN: The Saudi aid agency KSrelief carried out a volunteer medical project for general surgery in Port Sudan, Sudan.
The project involved 13 volunteers from various medical specialties.
During the campaign, the agency’s medical team successfully performed 11 operations.
The project was part of ongoing volunteer medical projects initiated by the Kingdom to assist needy and affected countries across the world.
Meanwhile, the agency was responsible for a volunteer medical project focused on cosmetic surgery for burn and disfigurement victims in the Mukalla City District in Hadhramaut governorate in Yemen.
During the project, which involved 11 volunteers from a range of medical specialties, the medical team examined 52 patients, and successfully performed 62 specialized operations.
Royal Commission for Riyadh City launches Accessibility Program for People with Disabilities
Scheme to contribute to improving quality of life for residents, visitors
Launch of program in line with Kingdom’s efforts to support people with disabilities
Updated 44 min 14 sec ago
Arab News
RIYADH: The Royal Commission for Riyadh City has launched an Accessibility Program for People with Disabilities, which aims to provide an urban environment to allow people with disabilities — residents and visitors to the city — the ability to access, move around and practice various activities easily.
Ibrahim bin Muhammad Al-Sultan, the CEO of the RCRC, thanked King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is also chairman of the board of directors at RCRC, and added: “The program is an extension of the support and interest of the wise leadership in caring for and empowering people with disabilities, and their integration as active members in society.”
He stressed that the program would contribute to improving the quality of life for residents and visitors, and that Riyadh would aim to become one of the leading cities in the field of universal access for people with disabilities.
He added that universal access was a basic human right, as Article 27 of the Basic Law of Governance said: “The state guarantees the rights of citizens and their families, including cases of illness, disability and old age.” Article 26 says: “The state protects human rights in accordance with Islamic law,” which prevents discrimination on any basis, including disability.
The program includes implementation of an access code in both Arabic and English, and contains the necessary tools to meet the requirements of all types of disabilities, with the aim of ensuring that the needs of people with disabilities are met in existing and future projects.
The code is scheduled to be applied gradually to buildings in the public and private sectors, starting from the first quarter of 2025.
The issuance of building completion permits and professional licenses issued by the Riyadh Municipality will be linked to the implementation of the comprehensive access code.
The move forms part of the efforts of the RCRC to improve the quality of life in the city and facilitate the daily lives of people with disabilities, in line with Saudi Vision 2030, promoting Riyadh as one of the world’s leading cities in terms of universal access.
The launch of the program also comes within the Kingdom’s efforts to support groups of people with disabilities, which included the establishment of the Authority for the Care of Persons with Disabilities.
For more details, people can visit the RCRC website at www.rcrc.gov.sa.
Riyadh governor receives newly appointed Japanese ambassador to Saudi Arabia
Updated 57 min 2 sec ago
SPA
RIYADH: Riyadh Gov. Prince Faisal bin Bandar received at his office on Thursday Yasunari Morino, the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of Japan to the Kingdom, on the occasion of his appointment as ambassador.
Prince Faisal welcomed his guest and wished him success in his new role as ambassador to the Kingdom.
