Indonesia launches free meals program to feed children and pregnant women to fight stunting

Indonesia’s Minister of Cooperatives, Budi Arie Setiadi (R), visits students on the first day of the free-meal program at Angkasa 5 Elementary School in Jakarta on January 6, 2025. (AFP)

• Many children are malnourished and promise is to provide free school lunches and milk as part of a longer-term strategy to achieve a “Golden Indonesia” generati

JAKARTA: Indonesia’s new government started an ambitious $28 million project Monday to feed nearly 90 million children and pregnant women to fight malnutrition and stunting although critics question whether the nationwide program is affordable.
The Free Nutritious Meal program delivers on a campaign promise by President Prabowo Subianto, who was elected last year to lead the nation of more than 282 million people and Southeast Asia’s largest economy. He said the program aimed to fight the stunting of growth that afflicts of 21.5 percent of Indonesian children younger than 5 and would raise the earnings of farmers and the value of their harvest.
Subianto has pledged to accelerate GDP growth to 8 percent from 5 percent now.
In his inauguration speech in October, Subianto said many children are malnourished and his promise to provide free school lunches and milk to 83 million students at more than 400,000 schools across the country is part of a longer-term strategy to develop the nation’s human resources to achieve a “Golden Indonesia” generation by 2045.
“Too many of our brothers and sisters are below the poverty line, too many of our children go to school without breakfast and do not have clothes for school,” Subianto said.
Subianto’s signature program, which had included free milk, could cost upward of 450 trillion rupiah ($28 billion). He said his team had made the calculations to run such a program, and “We are capable,” he asserted.
The government’s target is to reach 19.47 million schoolchildren and pregnant women in 2025 with a budget of 71 trillion rupiah ($4.3 billion) so as to keep the annual deficit under a legislated ceiling of 3 percent of GDP, said Dadan Hindayana, the head of the newly formed National Nutrition Agency.
Hindayana said the money would buy an estimated 6.7 million tons of rice, 1.2 million tons of chicken, 500,000 tons of beef, 1 million tons of fish, vegetable and fruit, and 4 million kiloliters of milk, and at least 5,000 kitchens would be set up across the country.
On Monday, a truck carrying about 3,000 meal portions arrived before lunch at SD Cilangkap 08, a primary school in the Jakarta satellite city of Depok. The 740 students were provided plates containing rice, stir-fried vegetables, tempeh, stir-fried chicken and oranges.
“We send a team to each school to facilitate the meal distribution to students every day,” Hindayana said, adding that the program will provide one meal per day for each student from early childhood education to senior high school levels, covering a third of the daily caloric needs for children, with the government providing the meals at no cost to recipients.
But the populist program has drawn criticism from investors and analysts, ranging from conflation with the interests of industrial lobby groups or the sheer scale of the logistics required, to the burden on Indonesia’s state finances and economy.
Economic researcher from the Center of Economic and Law Studies, Nailul Huda, said with Indonesia’s tight fiscal condition, state finances are not strong enough to support the fiscal burden and this will lead to additional state debt.
“That is not comparable to the effect of free meals program which can also be misdirected,” Huda said, “The burden on our state budget is too heavy if it is forced to reach 100 percent of the target recipients, and it will be difficult for Prabowo’s government to achieve the economic growth target of 8 percent.”
He warned it could also worsen the external balance of payments for the country, which is already a major importer of rice, wheat, soybeans, beef and dairy products.
But Reni Suwarso, the director of Institute for Democracy, Security and Strategic Studies said the stunting rate in Indonesia is still far from the target of a 14 percent reduction in 2024.
According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, the national stunting prevalence was 21.5 percent, down around 0.8 percent compared to the previous year. The United Nations Children’s Fund or UNICEF estimated one in 12 Indonesian children younger than 5 are wasted while one in five are stunted.
Wasting refers to low weight for the child’s height, while stunting refers to low height for the child’s age. Both conditions are caused by malnourishment.
“That’s so bad and must be solved!” Suwarso said, “Child malnourishment have severe consequences, threatening the health and long-term development of infants and young children throughout this nation.”