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BEIRUT: Militants and their Turkish-backed allies shelled Syria’s second city Aleppo on Friday, in a major offensive against government troops that has sparked some of the deadliest fighting the country has seen in years.

The violence has killed 242 people, according to a Syrian war monitor, most of them combatants on both sides but also including civilians, including 24 dead, most of them in Russian air strikes.

The offensive began at a sensitive time for Syria and the region, with a fragile ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel taking effect earlier this week in neighboring Lebanon.

Syria’s civil war began when President Bashar Assad’s forces cracked down in 2011 on pro-democracy protests.

Since then, it has killed more than 500,000 people, displaced millions and battered the country’s infrastructure and industry.

Over the years, the conflict has morphed into a complex war drawing in militants and foreign powers, including Assad allies Russia, Iran and Hezbollah.

While the army regained control over most of the territory that it lost earlier in the war, the area where the militants and their allies are based has been subject to a truce since 2020.

This week, militants and factions backed by Turkiye, which neighbors Syria and supported the anti-Assad rebellion, launched a major surprise offensive against government forces.

On Friday, they shelled a university student residence in government-held Aleppo, northern Syria’s main city, according to state media, which reported four civilian deaths in the latest attack.

By Friday, they had wrested more than 50 towns and villages in northern Syria, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, the biggest advances that anti-government factions had made in years.

The fighters had on Thursday cut the highway linking Aleppo to Syria’s capital Damascus, according to the Britain-based Observatory.

“The highway has now been put out of service, after it was reopened by regime forces years ago,” said the monitor, which has a network of sources inside Syria.

The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said “more than 14,000 people — nearly half are children — have been displaced” by the violence.

At a press conference earlier this week, Mohamed Bashir of the militant Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) said: “This operation aims to repel the sources of fire of the criminal enemy from the frontlines.”

HTS, led by Al-Qaeda’s former Syria branch, controls swathes of the northwest Idlib region as well as small parts of neighboring Aleppo, Hama and Latakia provinces.

The Idlib region is subject to a ceasefire, repeatedly violated but which had largely been holding, brokered by Turkiye and Russia after a Syrian government offensive in March 2020.

An AFP correspondent based in rebel-held areas said there were intense exchanges of fire in an area just seven kilometers (four miles) from the city of Aleppo.

HTS has close ties with Turkish-backed factions, and analyst Nick Heras of the New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy said the fighters were “trying to preempt the possibility of a Syrian military campaign in the region of Aleppo.”

According to Heras, the Syrian government and its key backer Russia had been preparing for such a campaign.

Russia intervened in Syria’s civil war in 2015, turning the momentum of the conflict in favor of the president, whose forces at the time had lost control of most of country.

Turkiye, Heras said, may be “sending a message to both Damascus and Moscow to back down from their military efforts in northwest Syria.”

Other interests are also at stake.

As well as Russia, Assad has been propped up by Iran and allied militant groups, including Lebanon’s powerful Hezbollah.

Anti-government forces are, according to Heras, “in a better position to take and seize villages than Russian-backed Syrian government forces, while the Iranians are focused on Lebanon.”

A general in Iran’s Revolutionary Guards was killed in Syria on Thursday during the fighting, an Iranian news agency reported.

Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Esmaeil Baghaei said the deadly offensive was “part of a plan by the diabolical regime (Israel) and the US” and called for “firm and coordinated action to prevent the spread of terrorism in the region.”

During its war with Hezbollah in Lebanon, Israel intensified its strikes on Iran-backed groups in Syria including Hezbollah.

Rami Abdel Rahman, director of the Observatory, said Assad’s forces “were totally unprepared” for the attack.

“It is strange to see regime forces being dealt such big blows despite Russian air cover and early signs that HTS was going to launch this operation,” Abdel Rahman said.

“Were they depending on Hezbollah, which is now busy in Lebanon?”

DUBAI: Are all-conquering Al-Hilal fallible?

This is the question being posed after a week in which the holders were beaten — for the first time in a record 57 domestic matches — by dark horses Al-Khaleej to cede top spot in Roshn Saudi League to Al-Ittihad, then draw with Qatar’s Al-Sadd to be replaced at the AFC Champions League Elite League Stage’s West Region summit by Al-Ahli.

Although Champions League progress to the knockout stages by Al-Hilal — as well as the other Saudi clubs involved, Al-Ahli and Al-Nassr, has been confirmed — this mini slump has shaken predictions of a 2024-2025 procession for Jorge Jesus’s star-studded squad.

Arab News takes a look at issues from which rivals may take encouragement ahead of Saturday night’s derby at much-improved neighbors Al-Shabab.

Looking at the numbers

Naturally for a team this, uniquely, good, it’s not yet time to ring the alarm bell.

A return of two wins, two draws — Al-Hilal’s other dropped points came in the much-hyped Riyadh Derby at Al-Nassr on Nov. 1 — and one defeat from five matches is slightly concerning. But this followed a staggering run of 18 successive victories that included the 2023-2024 King’s Cup and 2024-2025 Saudi Super Cup successes.

Since Jesus was rehired at the start of last season, he’s overseen 68 wins, eight draws and just four defeats. The Portuguese mastermind is also in charge of leading scorers in this term’s RSL (29) and AFC Champions League (17).

All this has been achieved with only minimal appearances by Brazil megastar Neymar, because of injuries.

Nothing is forever in football.

Manchester City’s current travails in Europe demonstrate that maxim. Causes exist for Hilal concern.

No Neves, no party?

It feels impertinent to pick out one name from a galaxy of superstars, but Ruben Neves is a special case.

Hilal have not been the same since a knee injury necessitated, first, his removal in victory on Oct. 21 at Asian champions Al-Ain and, second, surgery earlier this month. Head physician Dr. Juan Jimenez anticipated a “return to match action in January,” meaning solutions must be found.

The Portugal defensive midfielder has excelled since being bought from Wolverhampton Wanderers, making a strong argument to be considered the smartest buy in the game-changing summer of 2023 recruitment drive across The Kingdom.

He is, also, a player without natural replacement in Hilal’s squad. A situation accentuated by pre-season exits by club icon Salman Al-Faraj to ambitious NEOM SC and a loan to Ettifaq for Abdulelah Al-Malki.

This is not the case for injured attackers Neymar and Salem Al-Dawsari, despite their incredible talents.

No one can question the ability of Mohamed Kanno, Nasser Al-Dawsari or Sergej Milinkovic-Savic. But this trio perform different midfield tasks to the waylaid Neves.

Hilal have kept only two clean sheets in seven matches since the 27-year-old was sidelined. This is a gap that must be plugged, especially after the impending winter break’s end versus Ittihad in the King’s Cup quarter-finals on Jan. 7, 2025.

Sterner opposition?

By the end of match week 11 in 2023-2024, Hilal had already accrued a four-point advantage over Nassr and were the division’s only unbeaten outfit.

Holders Ittihad were a distant sixth, eight points behind, and then-promoted Ahli were fifth on 22 points to the leaders’ 29.

Gargantuan improvement at Ittihad puts them one point ahead of champions Hilal at the same stage of the season, despite both Nassr and Ahli registering fewer points from their opening top-flight fixtures.

Laurent Blanc’s summer arrival in Jeddah has rejuvenated 2022 Ballon d’Or winner Karim Benzema. His RSL tally of eight goals in eight games is just one less than in all of 2023-2024 (nine goals in 21 outings).

This has been aided by the tremendous impacts of fellow Francophones Moussa Diaby — with a leading 10 assists — and last-gasp hero Houssem Aouar.

With N’Golo Kante and Fabinho patrolling midfield for the competition’s second-stingiest rearguard (eight goals conceded in 11 games), Ittihad are not budging in this engaging title battle.

Mitrovic dependence

Bafetimbi Gomis had looked irreplaceable in the hearts of Hilal supporters — that is, until Aleksandar Mitrovic showed up.

The Serbia center forward has exceeded all expectations since a protracted move from Fulham was finally completed in August 2023. He’s struck a formidable 59 times in 63 outings, on the way to four pieces of silverware.

In a strong support cast in 2023-2024, Malcom scored 25 times and Salem Al-Dawsari 24 times across all competitions, to Mitrovic’s 40. This season, he’s more of a solo act.

A fearsome tally of 19 goals in 20 appearances dwarfs that of compatriot Milinkovic-Savic (six), Salem Al-Dawsari and Marcos Leonardo (both seven) and Malcom (three).

If Mitrovic doesn’t fire, it decreases Hilal’s odds of winning.

Summer signings yet to take prominence

Hilal’s sense of purpose to reclaim the RSL trophy in 2023-2024 was intense.

An ominous set of pre-season signings set the course for domestic dominance. This pre-season’s batch have yet to make similarly profound impressions.

Portugal right-back Joao Cancelo has saved his buccaneering best for Asian football, following his Manchester City move. A superb goal at Al-Rayyan and four assists in five outings is vastly superior to a return of two assists in nine league appearances.

It is a similar tale for Brazil youth forward Marcos Leonardo, scooped up from Benfica. Returns of two goals in four AFC games and two goals in two King’s Cup ties look far healthier than two goals in eight top-flight matches.

Availability issues have hampered rapid left-back Moteb Al-Harbi since being bought from Shabab, with one goal coming in six fixtures. Ettifaq loanee Khalid Al-Ghannam has, unsurprisingly, got one assist to show from six fleeting appearances.

Competition for places is fierce. This second wave of signings under Jesus must fight for every minute on the pitch.

A greater threat of being usurped could give a required jolt to the existing Hilal squad for the challenges ahead.