‘Sense of closeness’: Pakistani elephant Madhubala bonds with sisters after 15-year separation

KARACHI: Pakistani elephant Madhubala, recently reunited with her two sisters at the Safari Park in Karachi after 15 years, is socializing and enjoying her new species-appropriate sanctuary, international animal rights organization FOUR PAWS said this week. 

Madhubala, Noor Jehan, Malika and Sonia were caught in the wild at a young age and brought to Pakistan together in 2009 but were soon separated, with Noor Jehan and Madhubala moved to the Karachi Zoo and Malika and Sonia to the city’s Safari Park. Noor Jehan died in April 2023 at age 17 following a prolonged illness caused by neglect, leaving Madhubala alone.

On Tuesday, Madhubala, estimated to be 18 years old, was transported from the Karachi Zoo to Safari Park where she reunited with her sisters Malika and Sonia. 

“She feels comfortable and I can see that she’s very stable and calm now,” FOUR PAWS vet Dr. Marina Ivanova, who is overseeing the elephant’s care, told Arab News on Wednesday. “Although it’s a new place for her, she, as an elephant, she has this stability, the mental preparedness for change.”

Footage shared by FOUR PAWS showed Madhubala entering the joint family enclosure at the Safari Park on Wednesday and watching her sisters drinking water at a nearby pond. Madhubala is then seen taking a tire, the only souvenir she brought from the Karachi Zoo, and placing it in front of her sisters like a gift. Her sisters seem to return the gesture by inviting Madhubala for a welcome drink at their shared pond.

Elephants are highly social animals who form close bonds with other elephants, and when they meet after being separated engage in elaborate greeting ceremonies. New research has found that elephants also call each other by name, using vocalizations that identify a specific elephant as the intended recipient.

“As soon as released from the transport crate, we realized that Madhubala was feeling very comfortable and could already sense the closeness of her two sisters,” Dr. Amir Khalil, a director at FOUR PAWS, said. “None of us expected her to be so eager to stretch out her trunk toward her two sisters.”

Khalil said the sight of the three elephants playing in the pond together after 15 years of separation had moved bystanders to tears. While it remains to be seen how the social hierarchy between the elephants will develop, he said Madhubala could assume the position of the matriarch. 

“In the upcoming days, we will thoroughly examine Madhubala and help her get settled into her new home,” Dr. Khalil said. 

“The old tire Madhubala used to play with a lot has now started to turn into a relic of the past and is slowly being replaced by the bonding with her fellow family members.”

FOUR PAWS said the three elephants’ health was being observed by head veterinarian Dr. Frank Göritz from the Leibnitz Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) who has been involved in the treatment of the elephants since 2021.

In November 2021, after the provincial Sindh High Court had asked FOUR PAWS to assess the wellbeing of the elephants, all four were found to be in need of better diet and medical treatment. Noor Jehan and Madhubala also needed dental surgery due to infections caused by broken tusks. Following the death of Noor Jehan, the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation together with FOUR PAWS decided it was not appropriate for Madhubala to stay in captivity at the zoo. 

The relocation process for Madhubala, named after a legendary Indian actress, started early on Tuesday morning with the elephant being sedated under the supervision of Dr. Goritz. She was then moved into a crate which was lifted by crane and put on a truck. 

The truck, accompanied by police and an expert team from FOUR PAWS, navigated through Karachi’s bustling streets via Lyari Expressway to arrive at the Safari sanctuary some 20 kilometers away from the zoo.

Ahead of the move, the Karachi Safari Park had upgraded its facilities to meet international standards under the supervision of FOUR PAWS. The 5.2-acre elephant sanctuary area in the park now has water elements for bathing, skincare and thermoregulation. Additionally, enrichments such as hay nets, varying substrates like soil, sand, clay, and sawdust, have been provided for Madhubala to dust bathe. There is also a section to hide novel items to encourage foraging. The area is secured by elephant-proof fencing.

“If elephants must remain in captivity, they deserve the best conditions possible,” FOUR PAWS CEO and President Josef Pfabigan told Arab New, adding that the new space would “bring joy” to Madhubala.

Unlike Islamabad’s lone elephant, Kaavan, who was relocated to Cambodia in 2020 after widespread international and local outcry about his conditions, Madhubala has companions at Safari Park, he said. 

“This is a different story,” Pfabigan said. “She has her sisters here.”