LONDON:Countries must work to prohibit the use of incendiary weapons amid growing evidence of their harm on civilians in Gaza and Lebanon, Human Rights Watch has said.
The organization released a 28-page report examining the recent use of the weaponry, which can inflict “excruciating burns, respiratory damage and psychological trauma.”
The report draws on HRW interviews with survivors of incendiary weapons, medical professionals and members of civil society.
It comes ahead of a UN meeting in Geneva next week of states party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons.
HRW urged those countries to condemn the use of incendiary weapons and commit to redressing two loopholes in the treaty’s Protocol III that undermine the protection of civilians.
Since October 2023, Israel has widely deployed airburst and ground-launched white phosphorus munitions in populated areas of Gaza and Lebanon, photographic evidence has shown.
Bonnie Docherty, senior arms adviser at HRW, said: “Incendiary weapons are being used in several conflicts, endangering civilian lives and livelihoods.
“Governments need to take immediate action to protect civilians, civilian infrastructure and the environment from the horrific effects of these weapons.”
HRW described incendiary munitions as “among the cruelest weapons in modern warfare.” As well as harming people, the weapons also cause socioeconomic and environmental damage by burning homes and crops, it said.
Israel has used white phosphorus munitions, a type of incendiary weapon, in at least 17 Lebanese municipalities, including five cases of illegally deployed airburst weapons over southern Lebanon, between October 2023 and June this year.
CCW Protocol III, signed by 117 countries, contains loopholes permitting white phosphorus and features weaker regulations for ground-launched munitions than air-launched weaponry, HRW said.
Hundreds of Lebanese civilians have been displaced following Israeli white phosphorus attacks, with survivors suffering respiratory damage months after exposure.
Lebanese olive groves, a crucial source of income for many, have also come under attack, with white phosphorus able to start wildfires and cause long-term damage to soil quality.
Internationally, pressure has mounted in recent years to address the proliferation of incendiary weapons.
At the most recent CCW meeting last November, more than 100 countries condemned the humanitarian consequences of the weaponry.
HRW urged countries at next week’s Geneva meeting to “initiate informal consultations” that address the loopholes in Protocol III.
Docherty said: “Governments should seize the moment to reiterate their concerns about incendiary weapons and discuss ways to strengthen the law to better protect civilians.
“A complete ban on incendiary weapons would undoubtedly have the greatest humanitarian benefits.”
