The Gulf states’ role in shaping Middle Eastern stability

The Middle East, characterized by a rich mosaic of cultures, religions and historical narratives, stands at a pivotal crossroads. The rising crises and complex conflicts have underscored the region’s nuanced landscape of peace and warfare. As tensions ebb and flow, the Gulf states are at the forefront, grappling with the repercussions of regional instability while striving for sustainable solutions.

For more than 80 years, the Middle East has been shaped by the influence of the American government, state corporations and special interest groups, primarily focused on fostering conflict through various means. These efforts include direct military interventions, weaponizing food and manipulating financial instruments to ensnare nations in debt. The consequences of these actions are evident today.

One notable historical moment is the March 1949 coup in Syria, orchestrated by Army chief Husni Al-Za’im, which marked the first military coup in the country’s modern history. This coup received support from the US government after the previous administration refused to sign a truce with Israel or endorse a pipeline agreement advantageous to the Saudi-American company, Aramco.

The Middle East has long been a battleground influenced by both internal strife and external pressures, often resulting in the entrenchment of corrupt military regimes. This situation has facilitated the rise of extremist groups and drawn global powers into the fray, complicating the prospect of peace. The overarching challenge remains the inability to meet the basic human needs of the populace.

The Middle East has long been a battleground influenced by both internal strife and external pressures

Dr. Turki Faisal Al-Rasheed

In this environment, Gulf nations such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Qatar must navigate a delicate balance between their national interests and regional dynamics. Ongoing tensions with Iran, the humanitarian crisis in Yemen and the aftermath of the so-called Arab Spring compel these countries to reassess their foreign policies and security strategies, prioritizing domestic sustainability over alignment with American agendas.

Historical events, such as the US-backed overthrow of Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh and the military coup against King Farouk of Egypt, exemplify the documented external involvement that has shaped the current state of the Middle East.

Despite the prevailing challenges, the potential for peace persists, partly due to the influence of special interest groups and the far-right Netanyahu government in Israel. Recent diplomatic efforts by Saudi Arabia, including outreach to Iran and mediation in regional conflicts, indicate a possible shift toward collaboration. Additionally, Gulf countries are increasingly focusing on economic diversification and technological innovation, which could serve as a foundation for stability.

By fostering economic interdependence, these nations can diminish incentives for conflict and nurture an environment conducive to peace. Establishing regional frameworks to tackle shared challenges, such as climate change and economic development, can further enhance cooperation.

Nevertheless, the threat of war looms large. The risk of existing conflicts escalating is significant, particularly if key players like Israel and Iran persist in their proxy confrontations. Heightened military posturing and aggressive rhetoric among various factions raise concerns about potential miscalculations leading to broader conflicts.

Should tensions continue to rise, the Gulf countries may find themselves embroiled in larger confrontations, jeopardizing their security and economic stability. The repercussions of such scenarios would extend beyond the region, potentially impacting global oil markets and international relations. The role of external powers, notably the US and Russia, will be critical in determining whether these conflicts can be contained or spiral out of control.

The international community plays a vital role in shaping the future of the Middle East. Organizations like the UN and regional bodies must actively engage in diplomatic efforts to mediate conflicts and facilitate dialogue. International law, particularly concerning human rights and humanitarian issues, should guide interventions and support sustainable resolutions.

However, the effectiveness of the international community has often come under scrutiny. The lack of decisive action in response to humanitarian crises and the failure to hold violators of international law accountable raise concerns about existing frameworks. Moving forward, it is imperative to strengthen these mechanisms to effectively address the region’s complexities.

Saudi Arabia’s ongoing commitment to fostering stability in the Middle East is commendable. As a regional power, it has proactively sought to mitigate conflicts and encourage dialogue among rival factions. The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 initiative reflects its dedication to economic diversification and social reform, presenting a potential model for other nations in the region.

Moreover, Saudi Arabia’s leadership in initiatives such as the Gulf Cooperation Council and its involvement in regional dialogues underscore its commitment to a peaceful Middle East. By championing diplomacy and collaboration, the Kingdom can help guide the region away from war and toward a more cooperative future.

By championing diplomacy and collaboration, the Kingdom can help guide the region away from war

Dr. Turki Faisal Al-Rasheed

Looking ahead, the fate of the Middle East hinges on the ability of regional and international actors to navigate the fragile balance between peace and war. While the opportunities for peace are promising, they are accompanied by significant challenges. The threat of war remains a pressing concern, exacerbated by ongoing conflicts and external influences.

To cultivate a stable environment, it is crucial for Gulf countries to persist in their diplomatic efforts, economic cooperation and conflict resolution initiatives. The international community must also play an active role in supporting these endeavors, ensuring that actions align with the principles of international law.

Understanding the roots of conflict necessitates examining the financial motivations behind them. The enduring Arab-Israeli conflict has largely benefited those profiting from warfare and disaster, particularly the American military-industrial complex — a sentiment echoed by President Dwight Eisenhower. Analyzing who gains financially from these conflicts is essential to comprehending their complexities.

Furthermore, the detrimental effects of cutthroat capitalism and corporate interests extend beyond Western nations, impacting the global landscape. While many endure the hardships resulting from these policies, a select few continue to amass wealth and power. Unfortunately, the focus often remains on the symptoms of conflict rather than addressing their root causes.

In conclusion, the Middle East is a region of profound contradictions, where the potential for peace coexists with the persistent threat of war. The Gulf countries, as pivotal players in this dynamic, have a unique opportunity to lead the way toward a more stable and peaceful future. By embracing dialogue, cooperation and sustainable development, they can shift the region’s narrative from one of conflict to one of hope and resilience. The choice between war and peace lies within their reach, and the time to act is now.

• Dr. Turki Faisal Al-Rasheed is an adjunct professor at the University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Biosystems Engineering. He is the author of “Agricultural Development Strategies: The Saudi Experience.”