Navigating ethical dilemmas in reproductive tech

Navigating ethical dilemmas in reproductive tech

Navigating ethical dilemmas in reproductive tech
Artificial womb illustration by Shutterstock
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In the bustling city of Techville, where neon lights flicker with binary code and robots hum lullabies, a new spectacle has rolled into town, promising to be the talk of the century. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to “The Great AI Ethical Circus.”

Today’s performance? The enthralling debate on artificial intelligence, ethics and the peculiar case of human reproduction bias, all seen through the lens of the dystopian dramedy, “The Pod Generation.”

Ah, Techville — a city where your barista might be a bit too literal when you ask for “strong coffee” and your self-driving car might occasionally detour to show you the scenic route, purely out of affection. This is the backdrop against which our drama unfolds.

Act I: The All-Knowing Pod

Imagine a world where the miracle of childbirth is no longer bound by biology. Enter “The Pod Generation,” a film worth watching, where artificial wombs (or pods) can be rented, allowing parents to continue their busy lives while their offspring gestate in sleek, transparent orbs. As if we did not already have enough to juggle with our Roombas and their spontaneous cleaning sprees.

On the surface, this seems like the epitome of convenience. No more morning sickness, no stretch marks and no labor pains. Just a quick swipe of the credit card and, nine months later, voila. Your baby is ready to pick up. But beneath this shiny veneer lies a nest of ethical conundrums, as tangled as a poorly coded algorithm.

The Pros: Efficiency and Equality

In Techville, where time is as precious as the latest smartphone model, the pod system promises unparalleled efficiency. Imagine balancing a high-powered career with family life, free from the physical constraints of pregnancy. Women can shatter the glass ceiling without worrying about their biological clocks ticking away. The playing field, it seems, is leveled.

From an ethical standpoint, the pods could democratize reproduction. Individuals with infertility issues or those with health risks can now experience the joys of parenthood without the barriers posed by traditional gestation. In a world obsessed with equality and inclusivity, this seems like a step in the right direction.

The Cons: Nature vs. Nurture

But hold your applause, dear audience. The plot thickens. The pods, much like any AI, are only as good as their programming — and therein lies the rub. AI, for all its promise, is not immune to bias. Reproductive technologies, influenced by the data and preferences they are fed, could inadvertently perpetuate societal biases.

Take, for example, the algorithms determining the optimal genetic traits. Who decides what is “optimal?” Do we risk sliding down the slippery slope of eugenics, crafting a generation of designer babies based on superficial ideals? Philosopher John Stuart Mill once warned: “Bad men need nothing more to compass their ends, than that good men should look on and do nothing.” If we are not vigilant, our silent acquiescence could lead us down a dark path.

Reproductive technologies, influenced by the data and preferences they are fed, could inadvertently perpetuate societal biases.

Rafael Hernandez de Santiago

Reproduction Bias: The Elephant in the Room

Let us address the elephant in the room — reproduction bias. AI systems trained on historical data often inherit the prejudices embedded within that data. In Techville, a city that prides itself on technological prowess, the repercussions of such biases are especially concerning.

Imagine a pod system that, based on skewed data, favors certain genetic traits over others. This could exacerbate existing social inequalities, creating a society where diversity is sacrificed at the altar of artificial “perfection.” Philosopher Immanuel Kant reminded us: “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means.” In our quest for convenience, are we at risk of treating human life as a mere product?

Act II: The Human Touch

Despite the marvels of AI, there is an irreplaceable value in the human touch. Pregnancy, with all its trials and tribulations, fosters a unique bond between mother and child. It is a connection that no sterile pod, however advanced, can replicate. Aristotle wisely noted: “The aim of the wise is not to secure pleasure, but to avoid pain.” Perhaps it is through these natural processes, painful as they may be, that the essence of humanity is truly preserved.

The Curtain Call: A Balancing Act

As the curtain falls on our ethical circus, it becomes clear that the integration of AI into human reproduction is a balancing act, teetering between the utopian and the dystopian. In Techville, where technology and humanity dance a delicate waltz, the key lies in vigilance, empathy and ethical foresight.

The future, much like the latest tech gadget, is full of promise and peril. It is up to us, the citizens of Techville, to navigate this brave new world with wisdom and caution. For, as philosopher Soren Kierkegaard aptly put it: “Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.” Let us hope that in our forward march, we do not lose sight of the humanity that makes life worth living.

And so, dear readers, as you sip your AI-brewed coffee and contemplate the marvels of “The Pod Generation,” remember: In the grand circus of AI ethics, we are all both the ringmasters and the clowns. Choose your role wisely.

Rafael Hernandez de Santiago, viscount of Espes, is a Spanish national residing in Saudi Arabia and working at the Gulf Research Center.

 

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Iraqi date farmers fight drought to protect national treasure

Iraqi date farmers fight drought to protect national treasure
Updated 4 min 47 sec ago
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Iraqi date farmers fight drought to protect national treasure

Iraqi date farmers fight drought to protect national treasure
  • Dates are Iraq’s second-largest export product after oil, which dominates export revenues and generates more than $120 million
  • The date palm and its bounty are national icons, but they are being battered by drought

Janajah: Bare feet pressed against the rough trunk of a palm tree, his back supported by a metal and fabric harness, Ali Abed begins the climb to the dates above.
In Iraq, the date palm and its bounty are national icons, but they are being battered by drought.
Once known as the country of “30 million palm trees,” Iraq’s ancient date-growing culture had already suffered from upheaval, especially during the 1980-88 war with Iran, before climate change became a major threat.
In the still lush countryside of central Iraq, near Janajah village in Babylon province, hundreds of date palms stand tall and majestic, surrounded by vines and fruit trees.
During harvest season, the branches are heavy with clusters of yellow and red dates.
Rising at dawn to avoid the searing heat, harvesters climb the palms using only their upper body strength, aided by a harness and rope wrapped around the trunk.
“Last year, the orchards and the palm groves were thirsty; we almost lost them. This year, thanks to God, we had good water and a good harvest,” said Abed, a 36-year-old farmer from Biramana, a village a few kilometers (miles) from Janajah.
Once at the top, they pick the ripe dates, filling baskets that are lowered to the ground and emptied into basins, which are then loaded onto lorries.
Abed noted, however, that the harvest is much smaller now — about half of what it used to be. He once collected more than 12 tons but now brings in just four or five.
Abed criticized the lack of government support, saying aerial insecticide campaigns are not enough.
Iraq has spent over a decade trying to revive the date palm, a vital economic asset and national symbol.
Authorities and religious institutions have launched programs and mega-projects to encourage tree planting and growth.
An agriculture ministry spokesperson told the official INA news agency last month that, “for the first time since the 1980s,” the number of date palms had risen to “more than 22 million,” up from a low of just eight million.
During the Iran-Iraq War, palm groves were razed in vast areas along the border to prevent enemy infiltration.
Today, dates are Iraq’s second-largest export product after oil, which dominates export revenues and generates more than $120 million, according to the World Bank.
In 2023, Iraq exported around 650,000 tons of dates, official statistics show.
Yet around Janajah, many palm trees lie dead and decapitated.
“All these palm trees are dead due to the drought; the whole region is suffering,” said 56-year-old farmer Maitham Talib.
“Before, we had water. People irrigated abundantly. Now, we need complicated machinery,” he said, observing the harvest.
The United Nations has labelled Iraq one of the five countries in the world most vulnerable to some of the effects of climate change.
The country has endured four consecutive years of drought, though this year saw some relief with winter rainfall.
Alongside rising temperatures that have hit 50 degrees Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) in summer and declining rainfall, Iraq also faces falling river levels, blamed on dams built upstream by Iran and Turkiye.
Kifah Talib, 42, lamented the slow devastation wrought by the drought.
“It used to be paradise: apple, pomegranate, citrus trees and vines — everything grew here,” he said.


Kenya school fire kills at least 17 children

Kenya school fire kills at least 17 children
Updated 8 min 30 sec ago
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Kenya school fire kills at least 17 children

Kenya school fire kills at least 17 children
  • The blaze in Nyeri county’s Hillside Endarasha Academy broke out at around midnight
  • The primary school caters to some 800 pupils, aged between roughly five and 12

NAIROBI: At least 17 children died after a fire ripped through their primary school dormitory overnight in central Kenya, police said Friday.
The blaze in Nyeri county’s Hillside Endarasha Academy broke out at around midnight, police said, engulfing rooms where the children were sleeping.
The primary school caters to some 800 pupils, aged between roughly five and 12.
“There are 17 fatalities from this incident and there are also others who were taken to hospital with serious injuries,” national police spokesperson Resila Onyango said.
“The bodies recovered at the scene were burnt beyond recognition,” she said.
Police said the average age of the victims was around nine years old.
Several others were injured, Onyango said, 16 of them seriously, and had been rushed to a nearby hospital.
“More bodies are likely to be recovered once (the) scene is fully processed,” she said.
The cause of the fire remains unknown, she said, but an investigation had been launched.
President William Ruto expressed his condolences for those killed.
“Our thoughts are with the families of the children who have lost their lives in the fire tragedy,” he said in a post on X.
“This is devastating news.”
He said he had instructed officials to “thoroughly investigate this horrific incident,” and promised that those responsible will be “held to account.”
The school is located around 170 kilometers north of the capital Nairobi, in Nyeri county.
The Kenyan Red Cross said it was on the ground assisting a multi-agency response team.
In a post on X, it said it was “providing psychosocial support services to the pupils, teachers and affected families.”
There have been numerous school fires in Kenya and across East Africa.
In 2016, nine students were killed by a fire at a girls’ high school in the Kibera neighborhood of Nairobi.
In 2001, 67 pupils were killed by an arson attack on their dormitory at the Kyanguli Mixed Secondary School David Mutiso in Kenya’s southern Machakos district.
Two pupils were charged with the murder, and the headmaster and deputy of the school were convicted of negligence.
In 1994, 40 school children were burned alive and 47 injured in a fire that ravaged the Shauritanga Secondary School for Girls in the northern region of Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.


Berrade wins Spanish Vuelta stage as O’Connor protects 5-second lead over Roglic

Berrade wins Spanish Vuelta stage as O’Connor protects 5-second lead over Roglic
Updated 16 min 22 sec ago
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Berrade wins Spanish Vuelta stage as O’Connor protects 5-second lead over Roglic

Berrade wins Spanish Vuelta stage as O’Connor protects 5-second lead over Roglic
  • Berrade made his move to the front with about five kilometers (3.1 miles) to go in the 179.5-kilometer (111-mile) mid-mountain stage through Basque Country roads
  • O’Connor and Roglic finished together again, and the gap between the two remained at five seconds entering the decisive stages and the weekend finish in Madrid

VITORIA-GASTEIZ, Spain: Urko Berrade made a late move to escape the breakaway group and win the 19th stage of the Spanish Vuelta on Thursday, with Ben O’Connor holding on to a five-second lead over three-time champion Primoz Roglic.

It was the third stage win for team Kern Pharma, whose founder — Manolo Azcona — passed away last week. Pablo Castrillo, another Spaniard, had won twice following Azcona’s death.

Spanish riders have won four Vuelta stages so far, their best tally since 2019.

“Without a doubt, it’s a dream,” Berrade said. “The stage closer to home, with all my family watching me, friends, in the last stages of La Vuelta... When there are so few opportunities left it seemed complicated to get a stage. I’ve been close in others, but it’s incredible. At the end, that last climb, with everyone pretty cooked, they told me: ‘You all have a chance, try it.’ I tried from there, almost without looking back, I tried not to look back. I didn’t see myself as the winner until I crossed the finish line.”

Berrade made his move to the front with about five kilometers (3.1 miles) to go in the 179.5-kilometer (111-mile) mid-mountain stage through Basque Country roads.

O’Connor and Roglic finished together again, and the gap between the two remained at five seconds entering the decisive stages and the weekend finish in Madrid. Enric Mas was also in contention, 1 minute, 25 seconds off the lead.

“It wasn’t an easy stage at all, to be honest. There are no easy days this year,” said O’Connor, an Australian. “But somehow, I’m still managing to crack out some pretty good numbers, so I don’t think it makes any difference now. And I’m still in the lead. It’s nice to have it for another day. I don’t know if it’s 13 or 14 days, a long time. I’ve loved it and I enjoyed it a lot.”

On Friday, riders will face a 173.5-kilometer (107.8-mile) route that includes a challenging climb of nearly 10 kilometers (6.2 miles).


Rare Griffon vulture breeding colonies discovered at Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve

Rare Griffon vulture breeding colonies discovered at Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve
Updated 27 min 29 sec ago
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Rare Griffon vulture breeding colonies discovered at Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve

Rare Griffon vulture breeding colonies discovered at Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve

RIYADH: Three rare breeding colonies of the Eurasian Griffon vultures have been discovered at the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, the royal reserve’s authority has announced.

The Griffon vultures, listed as Endangered in the Middle East, and other vulture species globally are facing a serious conservation crisis and the discovery was welcomed in time for the World Vulture Awareness Day being celebrated during first Saturday in September each year.

“The endangered Griffon vulture is an uncommon breeding resident in Saudi Arabia. Using drones four active nests with adults incubating eggs and raising chicks have been discovered by Reserve scientists and are being closely monitored,” Andrew Zaloumis, CEO at Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve Development Authority, said in a statement.

“Griffon vultures are a significant indicator of the Reserve’s improving environmental health. These breeding colonies are a testament to the Reserve’s conservation work and role as a sanctuary for Saudi Arabia’s natural heritage.”

The 24,500-square kilometer Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve stretches from the lava plains of the Harrats to the deep Red Sea in the west, and is home to 15 distinct ecosystems and over 50 percent of the Kingdom’s species, making it one of the most biodiverse protected areas in the Middle East.

Griffon vulture individuals have previously been recorded roosting throughout the Reserve’s mountain ranges. However, this was the first time breeding colonies with nesting sites have been confirmed.

Four active nests in three separate breeding colonies with adults incubating eggs and chicks approximately two – three months of age were discovered in the sand-stone mountains of the Jabel Qaraqir section of the Reserve. A further 37 potential nesting sites are also being monitored, the authority said.

In 2023, two Griffon vultures were tagged and released into the Reserve in a joint initiative with the National Centre for Wildlife.


In blow to ex-PM Khan, Pakistan top court restores changes to accountability laws

In blow to ex-PM Khan, Pakistan top court restores changes to accountability laws
Updated 27 min 43 sec ago
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In blow to ex-PM Khan, Pakistan top court restores changes to accountability laws

In blow to ex-PM Khan, Pakistan top court restores changes to accountability laws
  • Sharif-led coalition government had limited accountability bureau’s jurisdiction to cases involving over Rs500 million corruption
  • Ex-premier Khan challenged the amendments, court rules Khan had failed to prove the amendments were unconstitutional

ISLAMABAD: The Supreme Court of Pakistan on Friday restored amendments to the country’s anti-graft laws approved in 2022 and accepted the federal government’s appeal against a court judgment last year that had struck down the changes passed by parliament.
The Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif-led coalition government made changes to the country’s accountability laws through the National Accountability (Amendment) Act, 2022. The amendments limited the National Accountability Bureau’s (NAB) jurisdiction to cases involving corruption of over Rs500 million, reduced the term of the chairman of the bureau and prosecutor general to three years and transferred all pending inquiries, investigations and trials to other authorities.
Imran Khan, who had at the time recently been ousted as prime minister through a vote of no-confidence in parliament, petitioned the top court against the amendments, claiming they were made to benefit the influential, including top politicians, and would legitimize corruption in the country. In September last year, the Supreme Court, led by then Chief Justice Umar Ata Bandial, ordered the restoration of corruption cases against public office holders that were withdrawn after amendments in the anti-graft law came into effect. 
The federal government led by PM Sharif and other parties filed intra-court appeals against the judgment, which were accepted by a five-member Supreme Court bench led by the current chief justice, Qazi Faez Isa, restoring all the changes to the accountability law.
“We allow these appeals by setting aside the impugned judgment, and dismiss the petition,” the Supreme Court said in a 16-page judgment on Friday.
The judgment said Khan had failed to prove that amendments made to the accountability law were unconstitutional. 
“We are also not persuaded by Mr. Niazi [Khan] and learned Senior Advocate Khawaja Haris Ahmed that the Amendments violated the Constitution,” the court said.
The judgment noted the amendments had not “criminalized any offense” and had “only changed what may be investigated by NAB itself and the forum of the criminal trial.”
“No person can be adversely affected with regard to such procedural changes,” the judgment said.