Jeddah talks a viable path to resolving Sudan conflict

The conflict in Sudan, which began more than a year ago between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, continues unabated as both factions strive to dominate the nation. This prolonged struggle has led to catastrophic outcomes, with millions forced to flee their homes, resulting in what is being characterized as the worst displacement crisis in the world. Resuming and prioritizing the Jeddah talks, a diplomatic initiative led by Saudi Arabia, is paramount. Equally essential is an intensified international commitment to reengage diplomatically and advocate forcefully for an immediate ceasefire to effectively address the unfolding humanitarian crisis.
To fully grasp the present humanitarian crisis in Sudan, it is essential to recognize that the country was already in a dire state even before the ongoing conflict erupted. Prolonged political instability and relentless economic hardships had left Sudan teetering on the edge, with nearly 16 million people in urgent need of humanitarian assistance. These conditions have only been exacerbated by the violence, which is amplifying the suffering and desperation of the Sudanese people.
Currently, nearly 25 million individuals — more than half of Sudan’s entire population — are in desperate need of assistance. The brutal ongoing conflict has claimed the lives of tens of thousands, creating a tragic toll of death and destruction. Moreover, the violence has driven millions from their homes, resulting in a staggering displacement crisis. According to data from June, about 12 million people have been forcibly displaced, highlighting the profound and widespread impact of the turmoil on Sudan’s population.
Another significant risk is that the war in Sudan has repercussions that extend beyond its borders, precipitating a widespread refugee crisis that impacts neighboring countries, especially Chad, which has seen a substantial influx of people seeking refuge. This sudden and massive arrival of refugees has placed an enormous strain on Chad’s already fragile economy and its limited resources. This situation exacerbates existing hardships and creates a precarious environment for both the refugees and the host communities, highlighting the far-reaching and destabilizing effects of the conflict in Sudan.
The conflict has also wreaked havoc on the country’s infrastructure. Among the hardest-hit areas is the healthcare system, which is now largely nonfunctional. The medical sector is grappling with a dire shortage of personnel, financial resources and essential medical supplies. This already grim situation is compounded by frequent assaults and looting, rendering medical staff unable to provide even basic care. It has left countless individuals without access to medical services, exacerbating the suffering of a population already in distress. In addition, the delivery of humanitarian aid has faced significant challenges due to the ongoing conflict.
It is also essential to highlight the grave risks faced by children in Sudan, who are among the most vulnerable in the conflict. The violence has forced the closure of thousands of schools in the affected regions, disrupting the education of millions. It is estimated that about 20 million children are being deprived of their right to education. This lack of schooling not only hampers their academic growth, but also exposes them to heightened risks and various forms of harm and exploitation. Without the protective environment that schools and a stable environment provide, these children are increasingly vulnerable to abuse, compounding the humanitarian crisis and threatening the future of an entire generation. 

The violence has driven millions from their homes, resulting in a staggering displacement crisis.

Dr. Majid Rafizadeh

The final and perhaps most alarming threat posed by the ongoing conflict in Sudan is the potential for the country to become a breeding ground for terrorist and militia groups. As the war drags on, Sudan risks transforming into a completely lawless region where extremist groups can easily establish a foothold. The lack of governance and prolonged instability creates an environment ripe for these dangerous organizations to recruit, train and expand their operations.
The implications of such a development extend far beyond Sudan’s borders, posing a significant security threat to the entire region and potentially impacting global stability. These groups could launch cross-border attacks, disrupt international peace and contribute to a surge in global terrorism, making the resolution of Sudan’s conflict not only a national priority but a crucial international concern.
To effectively address and resolve the conflict in Sudan, it is imperative that the international community increases its level of engagement and intervention. Sudan’s stability should be elevated to a top priority, as the total collapse of the nation offers no benefit to anyone and could have far-reaching negative consequences. The global community, recognizing the urgent need for peace, must initiate a renewed and robust diplomatic effort aimed at securing a ceasefire. This initiative should be comprehensive and inclusive, prominently involving the African Union and other regional stakeholders, which can exert influence and mediate between the conflicting parties.
A resumption of and heightened focus on the Jeddah talks is critical to bringing an end to the conflict in Sudan. This diplomatic initiative, which could be revived following talks between Sudan and Saudi Arabia this week, still stands out as the most viable, comprehensive and practical approach currently available to de-escalate tensions and ultimately resolve the conflict.
Central to the Jeddah talks is the Jeddah Declaration of Commitment to Protect the Civilians of Sudan, which is firmly grounded in international human rights principles. It places significant emphasis on crucial aspects, such as the differentiation between civilians and combatants, ensuring the unhindered movement and safety of civilians, safeguarding medical personnel, facilitating the delivery of vital humanitarian aid to the population in need, and staunchly opposing the recruitment of children into armed conflict.
By adhering to these provisions, the Jeddah Declaration is not only seeking to mitigate the immediate suffering, but also lay the groundwork for sustainable peace and stability in Sudan, underscoring the importance of international collaboration and humanitarian imperatives in achieving these goals.

• Dr. Majid Rafizadeh is a Harvard-educated Iranian American political scientist.
X: @Dr_Rafizadeh