The unraveling of military rule in Myanmar

As the civil war in Myanmar rages on, the tide seems to be turning against the military junta that seized power in February 2021. What was initially perceived as a swift and decisive takeover has evolved into a protracted conflict marked by resistance, resilience, and a growing possibility of the rebels emerging victorious. As the opposition surges forward, Myanmar’s military government finds itself in a precarious position.

The military junta’s bid for control was met with widespread condemnation and resistance from Myanmar’s people. Pro-democracy activists, ethnic minorities, and even some defecting soldiers joined forces to resist the oppressive regime, turning Myanmar into a battlefield for freedom. The junta’s actions, including the brutal crackdown on protests and the arbitrary detention of political figures, have only fueled the flames of discontent and resistance.
One of the critical factors that has tipped the balance against the military is the unity among diverse ethnic groups. Myanmar is a nation characterized by a rich tapestry of ethnicities, each with a unique identity and history. The military’s attempts to suppress these groups have backfired, as it has only strengthened their resolve to resist and fight for autonomy. The rebels have formed strategic alliances, pooling their resources and people to mount a formidable challenge.
The Karen National Union, the Chin National Front, and other armed ethnic groups have been at the forefront of the resistance. The military’s inability to subdue these groups has not only prolonged the conflict but has also led to a significant drain on its resources. The rebels have proven adept at guerrilla warfare, leveraging their knowledge of the difficult terrain to wage an effective campaign against the military. This has created a quagmire for the junta, leading to a situation where they are stretched thin and unable to consolidate control.
The rebels’ ability to garner international support has also played a pivotal role in their resilience. The global community has increasingly sided with the people of Myanmar, imposing sanctions on the military regime and providing diplomatic and material support to the resistance. The military’s isolation on the international stage has undermined its legitimacy and further emboldened the rebels.
The shifting dynamics in Myanmar have broader implications for the region. If the rebels were to emerge victorious, it would mark a significant blow to authoritarianism in Southeast Asia. The success of the resistance could inspire similar movements in neighboring countries, setting off a chain reaction that challenges oppressive regimes across the region.

A return to civilian-led governance could pave the way for inclusive policies that address the longstanding grievances of marginalized communities.

Dr. Azeem Ibrahim

Moreover, the victory of the rebels could usher in a new era of stability and cooperation in Myanmar. The military’s rule has been marked by repression, human rights abuses, and economic mismanagement. A return to civilian-led governance, with the involvement of diverse ethnic groups, could pave the way for inclusive policies that address the longstanding grievances of marginalized communities. This, in turn, could lead to a more stable and prosperous Myanmar, contributing to regional peace and development.
However, the road to victory for the rebels is fraught with challenges. The military, despite its setbacks, remains a formidable force with a history of ruthless tactics. The international community must continue to exert pressure on the junta, both diplomatically and through sanctions, to ensure that the rebels have the support they need to persevere. A failure to do so could result in a prolonged conflict with devastating humanitarian consequences.
China’s role in the Myanmar conflict adds another layer of complexity to the situation. As Myanmar’s largest neighbor and a historical ally of the military, China has been cautious in its approach. While officially expressing concern over the violence, China has refrained from outright condemnation of the junta. This delicate balance reflects China’s strategic interests in the region, including access to Myanmar’s rich natural resources and the protection of its Belt and Road Initiative projects.
The rebels must navigate this geopolitical landscape skillfully, seeking to garner support without becoming entangled in power struggles between external actors. A delicate diplomatic dance is required to ensure that the international community remains committed to the cause of democracy in Myanmar, rather than pursuing narrow geopolitical interests.
A victory for the rebels would be a triumph for democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. It could set a precedent for other oppressed nations in the region. However, the international community must remain vigilant, and ensure that the rebels receive the support they need to overcome the formidable challenges posed by the military.
The world is watching — the fate of Myanmar hangs in the balance.

• Dr. Azeem Ibrahim is the director of special initiatives at the Newlines Institute for Strategy and Policy in Washington, DC. X: @AzeemIbrahim