Why Riyadh? Exploring the capital city’s role in heritage-based civilizational progress 
In light of the remarkable transformation occurring within Saudi Arabia, largely attributed to the guidance of King Salman, and the sponsor of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, it becomes evident that Riyadh holds a significant place in this grand revival.
The ongoing projects in the city — including the King Abdulaziz Project for Public Transport (comprising trains and buses), King Salman Park, King Abdullah International Gardens, New Murabba, Qiddiya, Diriyah, Sports Boulevard, Green Riyadh, and Riyadh Art, among others — serve as compelling examples of Riyadh’s path toward qualitative development.
These initiatives are set to drive the city toward new horizons, drawing upon its rich cultural history and the pivotal role its society plays in supporting economic and cultural advancement, contributing to the progress of human civilization.
Riyadh’s significance is multifaceted. It is the capital of Saudi Arabia, with deep connections to ancient civilizations. It is also the home of various tribes, especially the famous Banu Hanifa, which had Hajr Al-Yamamah as its base and boasted honorable connections with the Prophet Muhammad.
Riyadh has historically served as a thoroughfare for both Hajj pilgrims and trade trips, recognized by scholars like Nasir Khosrow, Ibn Battuta, and Ibn Fadlallah Al-Amri for its prosperity, attributed to the Banu Hanifa.
Over time, political conflicts led to its fragmentation into smaller districts, very different from the consolidated Riyadh capital of today.
In 1824 Riyadh rose to prominence after Turki bin Abdullah Al-Saud designated it as the capital of the Second Saudi State. However, it gained even greater significance when King Abdulaziz reconquered the city in 1902, designating it the capital of Saudi Arabia and securing it with protective walls.
The city expanded by district planning, becoming a magnet for diverse segments of society. King Abdulaziz’s vision extended to the suburbs, resulting in the construction of the Murabba Palace Complex in 1938 and the Al-Fouta Palaces to the south, marking the onset of the growth of the city.
By 1950 the walls had been removed, reflecting the city’s expansion and attraction for the population. King Salman, who had been the governor of the Riyadh region since 1954, played a significant role in the city’s continued development.
During his rule, Riyadh evolved into a modern and appealing city, leveraging its urban and cultural history to create a unique, impressive Salmani architecture that is a notable characteristic of the design of the city to this day.
The Riyadh city experience is unique, with a distinctive civilization story that merits sharing.
Riyadh’s projects are worth showcasing. In preparation for 2030, Riyadh aims to welcome over 120 million visitors and has allocated $7.8 billion for hosting the Riyadh Expo.
An area of 6 million square meters is dedicated to constructing the site. To facilitate global connectivity, Riyadh Air has been founded to link 100 destinations worldwide by 2030. The city has also initiated 68 sustainability-focused projects, involving investments totaling $92 billion, aimed at positioning Riyadh as one of the most sustainable cities in the world.
Riyadh Expo 2030 will drive the emergence of the city as a unique destination, while revealing its ambitious initiatives and the forward-looking spirit of a community eager to engage with global partners to transform the city into a global economic laboratory.
So, to answer “Why Riyadh?” The clear answer is to “Create an era of change, together for a foresighted tomorrow.”
• Dr. Saad Ibrahim Al-Arifi is a researcher specialized in Saudi history.
