India’s status as world’s fastest growing major economy to be short-lived, say economists

A farmer picks dahlia flowers from a field on the outskirts of Bangalore on August 1, 2022. (Manjunath Kiran / AFP)

• Asia’s third-largest economy is grappling with persistently high unemployment and inflation

BENGALURU: India likely recorded strong double-digit economic growth in the last quarter but economists polled by Reuters expected the pace to more than halve this quarter and slow further toward the end of the year as interest rates rise.
Asia’s third-largest economy is grappling with persistently high unemployment and inflation, which has been running above the top of the Reserve Bank of India’s tolerance band all year and is set to do so for the rest of 2022.
Growth this quarter is predicted to slow sharply to an annual 6.2 percent from a median forecast of 15.2 percent in Q2, supported mainly by statistical comparisons with a year ago rather than new momentum, before decelerating further to 4.5 percent in October-December.
The median expectation for 2022 growth was 7.2 percent, according to an Aug. 22-26 Reuters poll, but economists said that the solid growth rate masks how rapidly the economy was expected to slow in coming months.
“Even as India remains the fastest-growing major economy, domestic consumption will perhaps not be strong enough to drive growth further as unemployment remains high and real wages are at a record low level,” said Kunal Kundu, India economist at Societe Generale.
“By supporting growth through investment, the government has only fired on one engine while forgetting about the impetus which domestic consumption provides. This is why India’s growth is still below its pre-pandemic trend.”
The economy has not grown fast enough to accommodate some 12 million people joining the labor force each year.
Meanwhile the RBI, a relative laggard in the global tightening cycle, is set to raise its key repo rate by another 60 basis points by the end of March to try to bring inflation within the tolerance limit.
That follows three interest rate rises this year totalling 140 basis points, and would take the repo rate to 6.00 percent by end-Q1 2023.
While the central bank’s mandated target band is 2 percent-6 percent, inflation was expected to average 6.9 percent and 6.2 percent this quarter and next, respectively, before falling just below the top end of the range to 5.8 percent in Q1 2023. That is roughly in line with the central bank’s projection.
“Despite signs of a cool-off in price pressures ... it is premature to go easy on the inflation fight given considerable uncertainties from geopolitical risks and hard landing risks in major economies,” said Radhika Rao, senior economist at DBS.
The economy is also enduring inflation pressure from a weak rupee, which for months has been trading close to 80 to the US dollar, a level the central bank has been defending in currency markets by selling dollar reserves.
The latest Reuters poll also showed India’s current account deficit swelling to 3.1 percent of gross domestic product this year, the highest in at least a decade, which may put further pressure on the currency.