From 'caliph' to fugitive: Al-Baghdadi’s new life on the run

The last public video footage of him shows him dressed in black robes declaring his caliphate from the pulpit of Mosul’s Grand Al-Nuri Mosque in Iraq. (Reuters)

BAGHDAD: Daesh leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi is on the brink of losing the two main centers of his ‘caliphate’ but even though he is on the run, it may take years to capture or kill him, officials and experts said.
Daesh terrorists are close to defeat in the twin capitals of the group’s territory, Mosul in Iraq and Raqqa in Syria, and officials say Al-Baghdadi is steering clear of both, hiding in thousands of square miles of desert between the two.
“In the end, he will either be killed or captured, he will not be able to remain underground forever,” said Lahur Talabany, the head of counter-terrorism at the Kurdistan Regional Government, the Kurdish autonomous region in northern Iraq. “But this is a few years away still,” he told Reuters.
One of Al-Baghdadi’s main concerns is to ensure those around him do not betray him for the $25 million reward offered by the US to bring him “to justice,” said Hisham Al-Hashimi, who advises Middle East governments on Daesh affairs.
“With no land to rule openly, he can no longer claim the title caliph,” Hashimi said.
“He is a man on the run and the number of his supporters is shrinking as they lose territory.”
Iraqi forces have retaken much of Mosul, the northern Iraqi city the hard-line group seized in June 2014 and from which Al-Baghdadi declared himself “caliph” or leader of all Muslims shortly afterwards. Raqqa, his capital in Syria, is nearly surrounded by a coalition of Syrian Kurdish and Arab groups.
The last public video footage of him shows him dressed in black clerical robes declaring his caliphate from the pulpit of Mosul’s medieval Grand Al-Nuri mosque back in 2014.
Born Ibrahim Al-Samarrai, Al-Baghdadi is a 46-year-old Iraqi who broke away from Al-Qaeda in 2013, two years after the capture and killing of the group’s leader Osama bin Laden.
He grew up in a religious family, studied Islamic Theology in Baghdad and joined the Salaafi insurgency in 2003, the year of the US-led invasion of Iraq. He was caught by the Americans who released him about a year later as they considered him then as a civilian rather than a military target.
Bounty
He is shy and reserved, Hashimi said, and has recently stuck to the sparsely populated Iraq-Syria border where drones and strangers are easy to spot.
The US Department of State’s Counter-Terrorism Rewards Program had put the same $25 million bounty on Bin Laden and Iraqi former president Saddam Hussein and the reward is still available for Bin Laden’s successor, Ayman Al-Zawahiri.
Neither Saddam nor Bin Laden were voluntarily betrayed, but the bounties complicated their movements and communications.
“The reward creates worry and tension, it restricts his movements and limit the number of his guards,” said Fadhel Abu Ragheef, a Baghdad-based expert on extremist groups. “He doesn’t stay more than 72 hours in any one place.”
Al-Baghdadi “has become nervous and very careful in his movements,” said Talabany, whose services are directly involved in countering Islamic State plots.
“His circle of trust has become even smaller.”
His last recorded speech was issued in early November, two weeks after the start of the Mosul battle, when he urged his followers to fight the “unbelievers” and “make their blood flow as rivers.”
US and Iraqi officials believe he has left operational commanders behind with diehard followers to fight the battles of Mosul and Raqqa, to focus on his own survival.
It is not possible to confirm his whereabouts.
Al-Baghdadi does not use phones and has a handful number of approved couriers to communicate with his two main aides, Iyad Al-Obaidi, his defense minister, and Ayad Al-Jumaili, in charge of security. There was no confirmation of an April 1 Iraqi state TV report that Jumaili had been killed.
Al-Baghdadi moves in ordinary cars, or the kind of pick-up trucks used by farmers, between hideouts on both sides of the Iraqi-Syrian border, with just a driver and two bodyguards, said Hashimi.
The region is well known to his men as the hotbed of the Sunni insurgency against US forces that invaded Iraq and later the Shiite-led governments that took over the country.
At the height of its power two years ago, Daesh terrorists ruled over millions of people in territory running from northern Syria through towns and villages along the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys to the outskirts of the Iraqi capital Baghdad.
Strict controls
But the group has been retreating since in the face of a multitude of local, regional and international forces, driven into action by the scores of deadly attacks around the world that it has claimed or inspired.
A few hundred thousand people now live in the areas under the group’s control, in and around Raqqa and Deir Al-Zor, in Syria’s east, and in a few pockets south and west of Mosul.
Hashimi said Daesh was moving some fighters out of Raqqa before it was encircled to regroup in Deir Al-Zor.
The US government has a joint task force to track down Baghdadi which includes special operations forces and US intelligence agencies as well as spy satellites of the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency.
It will take more than that to erase his influence, Talabany said. “He is still considered the leader of ISIL (Daesh) and many continue to fight for him; that hasn’t changed drastically,” he said.
Even if killed or captured, he added, “his legacy and that of ISIL will endure unless radical extremism is tackled.”