Gulf states ‘may need to rethink monetary policy’

DUBAI: Gulf Arab oil states may need to rethink longstanding economic policies, including their fixed exchange rates, over the next five to 10 years as economic cycles in the region and the US diverge, a senior Qatar central bank official said in a research paper.
The GCC nations have pegged their currencies to the US dollar — or in the case of Kuwait, a peg to a basket of currencies that is believed to be dominated by the dollar — to stabilize them.
But in recent years the GCC economies have moved more out of sync with the US, as the pegs press GCC policymakers to mirror the US central bank’s decisions even if trends at home call for the contrary.
As long as they have currency pegs to the dollar, the Gulf states could face destabilising capital outflows or inflows if they allow large interest rate gaps to open up with the US — but raising interest rates while Gulf economies are slowing could hurt growth further.
GCC economies performed well during much of the global financial crisis as the US economy slumped. Now, the US economy is expanding strongly as GCC economies risk slowing because of the plunge of oil prices.
Markets believe the US Federal Reserve may start raising interest rates this year, and this “is coming at the wrong time for the GCC countries. There is considerable uncertainty here with the oil price and the Fed,” Khalid Alkhater, the Qatar Central Bank’s director of research and monetary policy, said in a research paper seen by Reuters.
“If the low oil price persists in the medium term and the Fed starts to raise interest rates, that might contribute to economic slowdown in the GCC. But it depends on the pace of the tightening process, how fast and how persistent they will be.”
Alkhater stressed in the paper, presented at the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies in Doha, that it represented his personal academic view as a monetary policy specialist, and not the official view of Qatar’s central bank in any way.
The Brent oil price has tumbled nearly $70 since June to nearly six-year lows below $50 per barrel, clouding the outlook for the GCC states, where government income from hydrocarbon sales powers economic growth.
“Low enough oil prices — below the average break-even price for GCC budgets — for a long enough period — spanning the medium term through 2017 or beyond — can aggravate the status of the cycles between the two sides i.e. widen the potential gap,” Alkhater said.
Markets will watch the Fed’s interest rate-setting meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday this week to gauge its resolve to start raising rates mid-way through the year, as consumer prices have dropped despite strong economic momentum.
“Qatar still has space over the short run to keep interest rates at the current level, even after the Fed starts to raise rates, since it kept its rate much higher than the Fed policy rate,” Alkhater said.
Qatar’s central bank has kept its key overnight deposit rate at 0.75 percent since August 2011, above the Fed funds target rate of 0-0.25 percent.
Alkhater said, however, that GCC central banks would ultimately follow the Fed under any scenario, as they had always done in the past.
“This more than four-decades-old uni-instrument, uni-tool macropolicy framework, in my opinion, is no longer suitable to manage the economic cycle in today’s GCC economies, because we apparently keep missing the cycle. And it looks like the sync with the US is going to weaken further and further.”
Alkhater added: “The solution is to rethink how to reform the macro policy framework in the region over the medium term to the next decade. That is to adopt a more flexible monetary policy framework to allow for a more appropriate policy mix of fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies.”
He did not give details of policy reforms that he would like to see.
In 2013, Alkhater cited Singapore’s currency regime as an example which Gulf states could consider adopting.
The Qatar central bank governor said at the time that the country might change its dollar peg in the long-term future, when the economy had become less dependent on hydrocarbons and local financial markets had deepened.