WASHINGTON: Congress voted Wednesday to slap sanctions on Iran's energy, shipping and financial industries, convinced that increasing the economic pressure on Tehran will derail its suspected nuclear weapons program.
The House overwhelmingly passed the bill 421-6 and a short time later, the Senate approved it by voice vote. The measure now heads to President Barack Obama for his expected signature.
The legislation builds on the current penalties directed at financial institutions that do business with Iran's central bank and adds sanctions to undermine Tehran's oil income.
"Ultimately, we will all be judged by a simple question: Did we stop Iran from getting a nuclear weapons capability?" said Republican Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, during the House debate. "If the answer is no — if we fail — then nothing else matters. If we fail, it would be of no comfort to the American people, whose security and future would be put in danger."
Ros-Lehtinen, the chairwoman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and Democratic Sen. Tim Johnson, chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, negotiated the compromise bill.
Johnson called attention to the "sputtering" negotiations between the West and Iran over its uranium enrichment.
"Economic sanctions are not an end: They are a means to an end," Johnson said. "That end is to apply enough pressure to secure agreement from Iran's leaders to fully, completely and verifiably abandon their illicit nuclear activities."
The legislation would impose sanctions on anyone who mines uranium with Iran; sells, leases or provides oil tankers to Tehran; or provides insurance to the National Iranian Tanker Co., the state-run shipping line. The bill seeks to undermine Iran's ability to repatriate revenue from the sale of crude oil.
The bill would penalize anyone who works in Iran's petroleum, petrochemical or natural gas sector, or helps Tehran's oil and gas industry by providing goods, services, technology or infrastructure.
"Our current sanctions, and a recent European Union ban on purchasing Iranian oil, have already had an impact," said Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. "In spite of the rhetoric coming out of Iran, the regime is clearly feeling the heat. Oil exports are down by 50 percent, and the Iranian currency has lost nearly 40 percent of its value."
Separately this week, President Barack Obama announced new penalties on Tehran's energy sector and on foreign banks in China and Iraq that the US says help the Iran evade international penalties.
The United States and Europe insist that the penalties are working. Iran has exported 2.5 million barrels of oil a day to Europe, China, India, Japan and South Korea. US officials say the penalties have reduced Iran oil exports to less than 1.8 million barrels a day, costing Tehran about $63 million daily.
But in Jerusalem on Wednesday, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu challenged the effectiveness of sanctions.
The bill also would deny visas and freeze assets on individuals and companies that supply Iran with technology that could be used against its citizens, such as tear gas, rubber bullets and surveillance equipment.
The bill requires companies that trade on the US stock exchange to disclose any Iran-related business to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Late last year, Congress overwhelmingly approved sanctions targeting foreign financial institutions that do business with Iran's central bank by barring them from opening or maintaining correspondent operations in the United States. Those sanctions applied to foreign central banks only for transactions that involve the sale or purchase of petroleum or petroleum products. The new bill expands on those penalties.
