Leading the global effort to combat desertification

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Leading the global effort to combat desertification

Leading the global effort to combat desertification
The Saudi Green Initiative aims to address desertification via afforestation, reforestation, and sustainable agriculture. (NCVC)
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Desertification is a major environmental issue that affects Saudi Arabia and many other countries worldwide, leaving billions of people at risk of food insecurity and the loss of livelihoods as a result of soil degradation.

In response to these major challenges, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification aims to unite countries and organizations to develop effective measures to combat the problem, with Saudi Arabia taking the lead.

The 16th session of the Conference of the Parties — COP16 — of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification will take place in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, from Dec. 2 to 13, coinciding with the convention’s 30th anniversary.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 bears the Kingdom’s environmental goals. Part of this is the Saudi Green Initiative — a blueprint for addressing desertification through afforestation, reforestation, and sustainable agriculture.

The UNCCD has adopted a resolution calling on the international community to enhance efforts to halt and reverse land degradation by sharing information, finances, experience, and technology to help restore affected areas and stop further damage.

Saudi Arabia provided valuable recommendations to the conference and unveiled several steps it intends to take to enhance land reclamation. It also promised to contribute a large amount of money to fight desertification globally.

Desertification is a global environmental challenge that requires sustained global efforts to protect vulnerable ecosystems, food security, lives, and livelihoods.

Majed Al-Qatari

The Kingdom has enlisted the support of several countries, nongovernmental organizations, and international bodies to share expertise. For instance, Saudi Arabia is working with African and Asian nations to transfer its knowledge of afforestation processes.

In doing so, it effectively addresses factors that contribute to desertification, such as poor farming practices. It has also developed sustainable solutions for various regions and climatic conditions.

Saudi Arabia’s leadership at the UNCCD has set a strong example for other countries in the Middle East and around the world. Its aggressive policymaking and concern for the environment have inspired others to enact solutions.

The large-scale implementation of environmental projects faces many limitations, including a lack of funding and political barriers. However, the UNCCD has resolved that these challenges can be overcome through cooperation, greater investment in research, technology, and knowledge transfer.

Desertification is a global environmental challenge that requires sustained global efforts to protect vulnerable ecosystems, food security, lives, and livelihoods. Countries, stakeholders, and policymakers should commit to continued collaboration to strengthen these initiatives.

Majed Al-Qatari is a sustainability leader, ecological engineer and UN Youth Ambassador who promotes ESG and sustainability goals in business, nonprofits and financial institutions.

 

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Pakistan fears repeat of 2022 flood disaster as rains kill over 300 in three days 

Pakistan fears repeat of 2022 flood disaster as rains kill over 300 in three days 
Updated 54 sec ago
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Pakistan fears repeat of 2022 flood disaster as rains kill over 300 in three days 

Pakistan fears repeat of 2022 flood disaster as rains kill over 300 in three days 
  • Monsoon rains and flash floods have killed 645 people since June 26, including 313 in KP province in last three days
  • Pakistan’s disaster management authority says country likely to witness two to three more monsoon spells till Sept. 10

ISLAMABAD: An official of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) warned on Sunday that Pakistan may face floods “of the same scale” as those witnessed in 2022, saying the country was likely to experience three more monsoon rain spells till Sept. 10. 

Monsoon rains have wreaked havoc in Pakistan’s northern areas, especially its Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, where floods and landslides have killed over 313 people and injured 156 in the last three days, as per official figures.

As per the NDMA’s report, Pakistan’s cumulative death toll since Jun. 26 from rain-related incidents has surged to 645. KP has reported the highest number of deaths at 383, followed by Punjab with 164, the northern Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Sindh with 28 deaths each, Balochistan 29, Azad Kashmir 14 and Islamabad eight casualties. 

The devastation is a grim reminder of the cataclysmic floods of June 2022, where unusually heavy rains and the melting of glaciers triggered flash floods in several parts of the country. Pakistan reported at least 1,700 people dead and losses of over $30 billion, with large swathes of crops and critical infrastructure damaged by raging waters.

“Although the 2022 floods had a different pattern, the ongoing cloudbursts and heavy monsoon spells this year suggest that a similar flood situation cannot be ruled out,” Muhammad Idrees Mehsud, a member of the NDMA’s Disaster Risk Reduction unit, told reporters during a media briefing in Islamabad. 

He said the climate change phenomenon was getting worse in Pakistan with every passing year. Mehsud added that with consistent heavy rains expected to continue over the coming weeks, “the country may face floods of the same scale as 2022.”

NDMA Chairman Lt. Gen. Inam Haider Malik noted that Pakistan was receiving 50 to 60 percent more rain this year compared to 2024. 

“The current speed which started today will continue till Aug. 23 and two to three more spells are expected till Sept. 10,” Malik said.

Raging hill torrents swept away dozens of people in KP’s Swat, Buner, Bajaur, Torghar, Mansehra, Shangla and Battagram districts since Friday. Malik said efforts were underway to restore communication with flood-affected regions, while the country’s armed forces were supporting stranded citizens. 

Rescuers, backed by boats and helicopters, have been working for hours in KP during the last three days to save stranded residents and tourists as ambulances transported bodies to hospitals.

The NDMA on Saturday issued an advisory to limit tourism in mountainous areas. Separately, the KP administration declared an emergency in districts affected by rains and flash floods.

“On the prime minister’s directives, relief packages are being dispatched to the worst-affected areas, while more relief will be dispatched and the search for missing persons is continuously underway,” Malik said.

He highlighted that heavy rains and floods have caused widespread destruction in Buner, Bajaur, and Battagram districts of KP. 

The NDMA chief said Babusar area in the northern GB region was severely impacted by the monsoon rains, adding that losses inflicted by rains in the KP province were being assessed. 

“After the monsoon, the government will assess the destruction and will compensate losses and also build infrastructure in close coordination with provincial authorities,” he added. 

RAINS TO ‘INTENSIFY’ FROM AUG. 17

Earlier, the NDMA said a low-pressure system (LPA) over the Bay of Bengal is likely to move westward from Aug. 17 and intensify the ongoing monsoon activity. A westerly wave is also present over the country under the influence of these meteorological conditions, it said. 

Malik said northern Punjab and northern KP would likely face more intense rains in the coming days.

“We are trying to vacate the areas where flash floods are expected in the coming days,” he said. 

The NDMA official said Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia and other countries contacted Pakistan to offer assistance in relief efforts.

Pakistan, which contributes less than 1 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change.

Scientists say rising temperatures are making South Asia’s monsoon rains more erratic and intense, increasing the risk of flash floods and landslides in mountainous regions like KP and GB. 


Hamas rejects Israel’s Gaza relocation plan

Hamas rejects Israel’s Gaza relocation plan
Updated 8 min 9 sec ago
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Hamas rejects Israel’s Gaza relocation plan

Hamas rejects Israel’s Gaza relocation plan
  • The group said Israel’s Gaza relocation plan was a “blatant deception”

CAIRO: Hamas said on Sunday that Israel’s Gaza relocation plan constitutes a “new wave of genocide and displacement” for hundreds of thousands of residents in the area.

The group said the planned deployment of tents and other shelter equipment by Israel in southern Gaza Strip was a “blatant deception.”


Saudi Arabia’s holdings in US Treasuries rise to $131bn in June 

Saudi Arabia’s holdings in US Treasuries rise to $131bn in June 
Updated 15 min 58 sec ago
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Saudi Arabia’s holdings in US Treasuries rise to $131bn in June 

Saudi Arabia’s holdings in US Treasuries rise to $131bn in June 

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia increased its holdings of US Treasury securities to $130.6 billion at the end of June, up $2.9 billion, or 2.3 percent, from May, according to official data. 

The Kingdom’s holdings stood at $127.7 billion in May, compared with $133.8 billion in April and $131.6 billion in March, according to the US Treasury Department. 

The increase comes as Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest oil exporter, manages its vast foreign reserves against a backdrop of shifting oil revenues, fluctuating global interest rates and ongoing diversification efforts under Vision 2030. Treasuries remain a key tool for Riyadh to park surplus funds in liquid, low-risk assets while balancing exposure to other currencies and asset classes. 

The report added that Saudi Arabia retained 17th place among the largest holders of such instruments in June. 

Compared with June 2024, Saudi Arabia’s holdings in US Treasuries declined by 6.8 percent. 

The latest data also showed that the Kingdom is the only country in the Gulf Cooperation Council and the wider Middle East region to secure a place among the top 20 holders of US Treasury securities. 

Saudi Arabia’s holdings were split between long-term bonds worth $103.5 billion, representing 79 percent of the total, and short-term bonds amounting to $27.1 billion, or 21 percent. 

Top holders  

Japan remained the largest investor in June with holdings totaling $1.14 trillion, up 0.9 percent from May. 

The UK ranked second at $858.1 billion, marking a 6 percent increase from the previous month. 

China followed with portfolios valued at $756.4 billion, little changed from $756.3 billion in May. 

The Cayman Islands and Canada ranked fourth and fifth with $442.7 billion and $438.5 billion, respectively. Belgium held sixth with $433.4 billion, followed by Luxembourg at $404.7 billion and France at $374.9 billion. 

Ireland was ninth with $317.4 billion, while Switzerland came 10th with $300.9 billion. 

Taiwan ranked 11th at $298.1 billion. Singapore held the 12th spot with $254.4 billion, followed by Hong Kong at $242.6 billion and India at $227.4 billion. 

Saudi Arabia’s Treasury holdings are closely watched as they reflect the Kingdom’s strategy of balancing reserve diversification with strong US financial ties. Treasuries are among the world’s safest assets, and changes in Saudi positions often signal how major energy exporters deploy surplus revenues amid oil price swings and global interest rate shifts. 



 


Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation

Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation
Updated 19 min 38 sec ago
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Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation

Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation

DUBAI: Abu Dhabi-born artist Khaled Esguerra brings a bold, participatory installation to the UAE’s Ishara Art Foundation’s “No Trespassing.” The summer exhibition, which runs until Aug. 30, brings together six UAE-based and South Asian artists.

The show explores boundaries, physical, cultural and institutional, through the lens of street art aesthetics recontextualized within the gallery’s white cube space. Esguerra, whose work spans photography, sculpture and performance, is known for examining the shifting identity of Abu Dhabi through the lens of its architecture, language and everyday textures.

With more than 800 sheets of carbon paper glued to copier paper, Esguerra’s largest work to date invites viewers to break the unspoken rules of gallery etiquette by walking across the art itself.

“Well, for one, there’s no way to interact with my work without literally trespassing into the space,” he told Arab News.

“Visitors tend to imagine this invisible barrier between themselves and the work … but the work confronts them as soon as they stumble upon the entrance of the room.”

The installation uses found materials, often seen in informal city advertisements, to convey the atmosphere of the streets. “Being faithful to the medium was important to me,” Esguerra said. “But more than the medium, I wanted to convey the atmosphere of the streets … I loved it!”

Beneath layers of carbon paper, words like “heritage,” “legacy” and “authentic” emerge, asking viewers to reflect on what these terms mean in the context of redevelopment.

“The work is really a critique on redevelopment schemes … by revealing (these) words … I wanted them to be confronted by this vocabulary and question their role in these manufactured changes in historic neighborhoods.”

Reflecting on the communal nature of the installation, he added: “It took a village and a half to develop this piece … it made me realize that as solitary and personal as my practice can be, it always was and will continue to be pushed by community.”


European leaders to join Zelensky for Ukraine talks with Trump

European leaders to join Zelensky for Ukraine talks with Trump
Updated 14 min 32 sec ago
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European leaders to join Zelensky for Ukraine talks with Trump

European leaders to join Zelensky for Ukraine talks with Trump
  • Ahead of the Washington visit on Monday, von der Leyen said she would welcome Zelensky for a meeting in Brussels which other European leaders would join by video call, before accompanying the Ukrainian leader on his US trip at his “request”

BRUSSELS: European leaders will join Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky during his visit to Washington on Monday seeking an end to Moscow’s invasion, after President Donald Trump dropped his push for a ceasefire following his Alaska summit with Russian leader Vladimir Putin.

Securing a ceasefire in Ukraine, more than three years after the Kremlin ordered the invasion, had been one of Trump’s core demands before the summit, to which Ukraine and its European allies were not invited.

But after a meeting that yielded no clear breakthrough, Trump ruled out an immediate ceasefire in Ukraine — a move that would appear to favor Putin, who has long argued for negotiations on a final peace deal.

Ukraine and its European allies have criticized it as a way to buy time and press Russia’s battlefield advances, with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, French President Emmanuel Macron and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen among the leaders set to try and bend Trump’s ear on the matter.

Ahead of the Washington visit on Monday, von der Leyen said on X she would welcome Zelensky for a meeting in Brussels on Sunday which other European leaders would join by video call, before accompanying the Ukrainian leader on his US trip at his “request” with “other European leaders.”

The German government confirmed Merz was among those other European leaders, and would try to emphasize “interest in a swift peace agreement in Ukraine.”

Finland said its president, Alexander Stubb, would also travel to Washington.

Trump briefed Zelensky and European leaders on his flight back from Alaska to Washington, saying afterwards that “it was determined by all that the best way to end the horrific war between Russia and Ukraine is to go directly to a peace agreement which would end the war.”

Ceasefire agreements “often times do not hold up,” Trump added on his Truth Social platform.

But Zelensky has appeared unconvinced by the change of tack, saying on Saturday that it “complicates the situation.”

If Moscow lacks “the will to carry out a simple order to stop the strikes, it may take a lot of effort to get Russia to have the will to implement far greater — peaceful coexistence with its neighbors for decades,” he said on social media.



Trump expressed support during his call with Zelensky and European leaders for a proposal by Putin to take full control of two largely Russian-held Ukrainian regions in exchange for freezing the frontline in two others, an official briefed on the talks told AFP.

Putin “de facto demands that Ukraine leave Donbas,” an area consisting of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions in eastern Ukraine, the source said.

In exchange, Russian forces would halt their offensive in the Black Sea port region of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia in southern Ukraine, where the main cities are still under Ukrainian control.

Several months into its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia in September 2022 claimed to have annexed all four Ukrainian regions even though its troops still do not fully control any of them.

“The Ukrainian president refused to leave Donbas,” the source said.

Trump notably also said the United States was prepared to provide Ukraine security guarantees, an assurance Merz hailed as “significant progress.”

But there was a scathing assessment of the summit outcome from the European Union’s top diplomat Kaja Kallas, who accused Putin of seeking to “drag out negotiations” with no commitment to end the bloodshed.

“The harsh reality is that Russia has no intention of ending this war any time soon,” Kallas said.



The main diplomatic focus now switches to Zelensky’s talks at the White House on Monday.

The Ukrainian president’s last Oval Office visit in February ended in an extraordinary shouting match, with Trump and Vice President JD Vance publicly berating Zelensky for not showing enough gratitude for US aid.

In an interview with broadcaster Fox News after his sit-down with Putin, Trump had suggested that the onus was now on Zelensky to secure a peace deal as they work toward an eventual trilateral summit with Putin.

“It’s really up to President Zelensky to get it done,” Trump said.



In an earlier statement, European leaders welcomed the plan for a Trump-Putin-Zelensky summit but added that they would maintain pressure on Russia in the absence of a ceasefire.

Meanwhile, the conflict in Ukraine raged on, with both Kyiv and Moscow launching attack drones at each other Sunday.

Back in Moscow, Putin said his summit talks with Trump had been “timely” and “very useful.”

In his post-summit statement in Alaska, Putin had warned Ukraine and European countries not to engage in any “behind-the-scenes intrigues” that could disrupt what he called “this emerging progress.”