Scientists know this that the celestial bodies are floating. That includes Earth which is floating with its double rotation – axial and orbital. Its axial rotation causes day and night and its orbital rotation along with its axis making an angle of 23.27 degrees that causes changes and seasons in climate.
It completes orbital motion in 365 days, 5 hours, and 46 seconds, to which the Qur'an says, centuries ago: “And the sun runs its course in its appointed place. This is the decree of Almighty and Wise. And for the moon We have appointed its mansions till it returns like an old dried curved date stalk. It is not for the sun to overtake the moon nor does the night outstrip the day.
They all float each in an orbit.” (Qur'an, 36-38:39) The divine verses state the rotation of the sun on its axis, the enlarging and reducing of the moon, the rotation of the night and the day and the floating of the sun, moon and earth including their axial and orbital rotation.
After mentioning the rotation of the celestial bodies, the Qur'an, referring to Allah’s great creative powers, says: "Say: See you? If Allah made the night to perpetuate till the Day of Resurrection which god besides Allah could bring you light.”
It further said: “Say: See you? If Allah made the day to perpetuate till the Day of Resurrection which god besides Allah could bring you night wherein you rest. (Qur'an, 28:71-72)
The aforesaid Qur'anic verses were subject to the criticism of the Orientalists who said the perpetuation of day or night is impossible. To this, some verses of the Quran point to the massive changes in our solar system. These changes have duly been confirmed by modern science: "When the sun is wrapped up in (darkness). When the stars fall losing their luster. (Qur'an, 81:1-2)
The scientists have held that the sun radiates (3.86x10^ to the power 33) ergs of energy every second. This corresponds to a mass loss of 4 million and 7,000 tons per second. The total lifetime of sun is estimated to be 10^ to the power 10 years. Computation on evolutionary models predict in a few time (10^ to the power 9) it will reach to red giant stage.
Having lost its energy source it will come down and join the moon as Allah said: "And the sun and moon will be joined together. Man will say on that Day, where is the refuge to flee." (Qur'an, 75:9-10)
According to Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, when all nuclear sources of energy are used up, then it will reach its last evolution stage; that it will become a white dwarf, a star of small radius, its radius will be more than 100 times smaller than it is now and eventually the sun will become a black dwarf.
Scholars of science therefore do not hesitate to confirm that the night will perpetuate.
We may be least concerned about what scientists estimate about the life of the sun, which may be right or wrong, but their admission that the sun will lose its luminosity and will become a black dwarf is in consonance with the following verse of the Qur'an: "When the sun loses its luminosity, when the stars fall losing their luminosity, and hence, Allah can make the night to perpetuate till Doomsday."
In other place, the Qur'an says: "If Allah makes the night eternal: Which god beside Allah could bring you light. The gods whom they worship are dummy and whimsical. Allah alone is the Creator and does what He intends. As He said: And Our Command is but one like twinkling of an eye. (Qur'an, 54:50)
How Allah makes the day to perpetuate till Doomsday?
In a report of Muslim and Ahmad, Nawas bin Samaan narrated that one morning Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) described about Anti Christ (Dajjal), and said: "If he comes out and I am amongst you, I alone will suffice him. But if I am not among you, every person will be responsible for himself. He will come out to Arab countries between Syria and Iraq.
He will cause a ravage and massacre right and left. O Slaves of Allah! Stick to your faith." 'We asked: O Apostle of Allah! How much he will stay on the earth?' He said 'forty days, the day equal to the year, the day as a month, the day as a week, and the other days like your days.' We said: 'The day which will be equal to the year, will the five prayers of a day be sufficient?' He said: No, you estimate the day as usual i.e. 24 hours and offer your prayers'."
It shows that the length of the day is certainly be about one year, one month one week. This positively points out to the disturbances in our solar system.
Can there be a day equal to the year or more, how? We know that the earth revolves on its axis from west to east. Under this rotation one of its parts faces the sun, and the other part not facing the sun is covered into darkness.
We have seen above that the sun and other stars will lose their energy and gravitational pull and would fall as mentioned in the Quran. (81:1-2) Hence one star having used up its energy source losing its gravitational pull and luster falls from its place and enters in our galaxy. It responds to the gravitational pull of the star sun and begins to rotate on its place quite opposite to the sun. Certainly it will not have the heat of the sun but luminous enough to stop the night to fall on the other side of the earth not faced by the sun.
Hence what the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said shall happen that is, a day of one year one month and one week because: "He does not speak of his (own desire), it is only a revelation revealed (to him by Allah)." (Qur'an, 53:3-4)
Obligatory prayers on the Poles
The Prophet (peace be upon him) when referred the day of a year clearly pointed out the manner to offer the obligatory prayers on North and South Poles. They have six months day and six month’s night.
The Prophet’s tradition contains a clear direction to the Muslims living at poles to offer five daily prayers within 24 hours there.
They can appoint timings of the prayers according to their working hours and hours of rest and sleep.
“It is out of His mercy, He (Allah) has made the night and the day to take rest after the fatigue of the day for earning your livelihood. You should be thankful for your Lord for this great favor.” (Qur'an, 28:73)
But in case of changes in the Solar system you can fix up the timings of the prayers according to your working hours and rest.
